Abstract
This study examined using peanut shells, rice husks, and cocoa husks as soil conditioners to boost yields in Allium cepa var. Alvara onions. Three types of biochar and four application rates (1%, 1.5%, 3%, and 5%) were compared to a control with no biochar. The biochars had different nutrient makeups, with cocoa husk biochar (CHB) containing the most essential elements. While overall plant growth (height, leaves, and roots) was not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by any biochar type compared to the control, some plant parts responded differently. CHB (5%) and peanut husk biochar (PHB) (1%) yielded the tallest onion plants (71 and 65 cm), while 1% rice and cocoa biochar resulted in the shortest (below 42 cm). PHB (3% and 5%) produced the longest roots (9 cm), while 1.5% rice husk biochar (RHB) had the shortest. Biochar application had no significant effect on leaf count. However, specific application rates of RHB and PHB increased the harvest index (HI), indicating more efficient yield allocation. HI values > 0.85 were obtained with specific biochar rates (e.g., 1.0–1.5% PHB, 1.5–5% RHB, or 5.0% CHB).
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk biochar contained the most essential elements among the biochars.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The biochars had different nutrient makeups, with cocoa husk biochar (CHB) containing the most essential elements.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar type did not significantly affect overall onion height, leaves or roots versus the control.
- Treatment
- any biochar typee0
- Outcome
- overall plant growth (height, leaves, and roots)e0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“While overall plant growth (height, leaves, and roots) was not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by any biochar type compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5%, cocoa husk biochar produced onion plants 71 cm tall.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CHB (5%) and peanut husk biochar (PHB) (1%) yielded the tallest onion plants (71 and 65 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1%, peanut husk biochar produced onion plants 65 cm tall.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- peanut husk biochar (PHB) (1%)e0
- Outcome
- tallest onion plantse0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 65 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CHB (5%) and peanut husk biochar (PHB) (1%) yielded the tallest onion plants (71 and 65 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent rice biochar produced onion plants below 42 cm, among the shortest.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“while 1% rice and cocoa biochar resulted in the shortest (below 42 cm).”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent cocoa biochar produced onion plants below 42 cm, among the shortest.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“while 1% rice and cocoa biochar resulted in the shortest (below 42 cm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut husk biochar at 3% and 5% produced the longest onion roots, 9 cm.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“PHB (3% and 5%) produced the longest roots (9 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice husk biochar at 1.5% produced the shortest roots.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“while 1.5% rice husk biochar (RHB) had the shortest.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar application had no significant effect on onion leaf count.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Biochar application had no significant effect on leaf count.”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific rice husk biochar application rates increased onion harvest index.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“specific application rates of RHB and PHB increased the harvest index (HI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific peanut husk biochar application rates increased onion harvest index.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“specific application rates of RHB and PHB increased the harvest index (HI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index exceeded 0.85 with 1.0–1.5% peanut husk biochar.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“HI values > 0.85 were obtained with specific biochar rates (e.g., 1.0–1.5% PHB, 1.5–5% RHB, or 5.0% CHB).”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index exceeded 0.85 with 1.5–5% rice husk biochar.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“HI values > 0.85 were obtained with specific biochar rates (e.g., 1.0–1.5% PHB, 1.5–5% RHB, or 5.0% CHB).”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index exceeded 0.85 with 5% cocoa husk biochar.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“HI values > 0.85 were obtained with specific biochar rates (e.g., 1.0–1.5% PHB, 1.5–5% RHB, or 5.0% CHB).”
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