Abstract
To explore the compensation effect of aeration on tomato vegetative and reproductive growth in arid and semi-arid areas, a two-year field experiment was conducted with four micro-nano aeration ratios (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and three nitrogen topdressing levels (80, 60, and 40 kg·ha−1) during the tomato growth period in Ningxia, China. The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality. Interestingly, since the aeration ratio exceeded 10%, the increase in the aeration ratio showed no significant effects on the single-fruit weight, tomato yield, and fruit quality. Moreover, with aerated underground drip irrigation, properly reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25% was favorable for enhancing tomato root vigor (5–31%), increasing tomato yield (0.5–9%), and improving fruit soluble solid accumulation (2–5%) and soluble sugar formation (4–9%). Importantly, increasing the aeration ratio by 5% could compensate for the adverse effects of reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25% by improving the leaf photosynthetic rate, promoting plant dry matter accumulation, increasing tomato yield, and enhancing the soluble solid and soluble sugar accumulation in tomato fruits. Synthetically considering the decrease in the nitrogen topdressing amount, leading to plant growth promotion, a tomato yield increase, and fruit quality improvement, a favorable nitrogen topdressing level of 60 kg·ha−1 and the corresponding proper aeration ratio of 10% were suggested for tomato underground drip irrigation in the Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration from 0 to 15% improved tomato root vigor by 3–104%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15%e0
- Outcome
- tomato root vigore0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 3–104%e0
- Comparator
- 0–15%e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration from 0 to 15% improved leaf net photosynthetic rate by 14–63%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15%e0
- Outcome
- leaf net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 14–63%e0
- Comparator
- 0–15%e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration from 0 to 15% improved plant dry matter accumulation by 3–59%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15%e0
- Outcome
- plant dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- facilitatione0
- Value
- 3–59%e0
- Comparator
- 0–15%e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration from 0 to 15% improved plant nitrogen accumulation by 2–70%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15%e0
- Outcome
- plant nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- facilitatione0
- Value
- 2–70%e0
- Comparator
- 0–15%e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration from 0 to 15% improved tomato yield by 12–44%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15%e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 12–44%e0
- Comparator
- 0–15%e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration improved tomato fruit quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15%e0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- 0–15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that increasing the aeration ratio in the range of 0–15% was conducive to the enhancement of tomato root vigor (the ability of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to be reduced, 3–104%) and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (14–63%), favorable to the facilitation of plant dry matter accumulation (3–59%) and plant nitrogen accumulation (2–70%), and beneficial to the improvement of tomato yield (12–44%) and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing aeration beyond 10% had no significant effect on single-fruit weight, tomato yield, or fruit quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increase in the aeration ratioe0
- Outcome
- single-fruit weight, tomato yield, and fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
- Qualifier
- since the aeration ratio exceeded 10%e0
- Comparator
- 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interestingly, since the aeration ratio exceeded 10%, the increase in the aeration ratio showed no significant effects on the single-fruit weight, tomato yield, and fruit quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under aerated underground drip irrigation, reducing nitrogen topdressing by 25% improved tomato root vigor by 5–31%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25%e0
- Outcome
- tomato root vigore0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 5–31%e0
- Comparator
- 80 kg·ha−1e0
- Setting
- aerated underground drip irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, with aerated underground drip irrigation, properly reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25% was favorable for enhancing tomato root vigor (5–31%), increasing tomato yield (0.5–9%), and improving fruit soluble solid accumulation (2–5%) and soluble sugar formation (4–9%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Under aerated underground drip irrigation, reducing nitrogen topdressing by 25% improved tomato yield by 0.5–9%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25%e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 0.5–9%e0
- Comparator
- 80 kg·ha−1e0
- Setting
- aerated underground drip irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, with aerated underground drip irrigation, properly reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25% was favorable for enhancing tomato root vigor (5–31%), increasing tomato yield (0.5–9%), and improving fruit soluble solid accumulation (2–5%) and soluble sugar formation (4–9%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Under aerated underground drip irrigation, reducing nitrogen topdressing by 25% improved fruit soluble solid accumulation by 2–5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25%e0
- Outcome
- fruit soluble solid accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 2–5%e0
- Comparator
- 80 kg·ha−1e0
- Setting
- aerated underground drip irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, with aerated underground drip irrigation, properly reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25% was favorable for enhancing tomato root vigor (5–31%), increasing tomato yield (0.5–9%), and improving fruit soluble solid accumulation (2–5%) and soluble sugar formation (4–9%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Under aerated underground drip irrigation, reducing nitrogen topdressing by 25% improved soluble sugar formation by 4–9%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25%e0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar formatione0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 4–9%e0
- Comparator
- 80 kg·ha−1e0
- Setting
- aerated underground drip irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, with aerated underground drip irrigation, properly reducing the traditional nitrogen topdressing level (80 kg·ha−1) by 25% was favorable for enhancing tomato root vigor (5–31%), increasing tomato yield (0.5–9%), and improving fruit soluble solid accumulation (2–5%) and soluble sugar formation (4–9%).”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% aeration increase could compensate for a 25% nitrogen reduction by improving leaf photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio by 5%e0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic rate, promoting plant dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Importantly, increasing the aeration ratio by 5% could compensate for the adverse effects of reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25% by improving the leaf photosynthetic rate, promoting plant dry matter accumulation, increasing tomato yield, and enhancing the soluble solid and soluble sugar accumulation in tomato fruits.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% aeration increase could compensate for a 25% nitrogen reduction by increasing tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio by 5%e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Importantly, increasing the aeration ratio by 5% could compensate for the adverse effects of reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25% by improving the leaf photosynthetic rate, promoting plant dry matter accumulation, increasing tomato yield, and enhancing the soluble solid and soluble sugar accumulation in tomato fruits.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% aeration increase could compensate for a 25% nitrogen reduction by enhancing fruit soluble solids and sugars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing the aeration ratio by 5%e0
- Outcome
- soluble solid and soluble sugar accumulation in tomato fruitse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Comparator
- reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Importantly, increasing the aeration ratio by 5% could compensate for the adverse effects of reducing the nitrogen topdressing level by 25% by improving the leaf photosynthetic rate, promoting plant dry matter accumulation, increasing tomato yield, and enhancing the soluble solid and soluble sugar accumulation in tomato fruits.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 60 kg·ha−1 nitrogen topdressing and 10% aeration for tomato underground drip irrigation in Yinbei, Ningxia.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- nitrogen topdressing level of 60 kg·ha−1 and the corresponding proper aeration ratio of 10%e0
- Setting
- Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a favorable nitrogen topdressing level of 60 kg·ha−1 and the corresponding proper aeration ratio of 10% were suggested for tomato underground drip irrigation in the Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia.”
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