Abstract
Plants modify their root system architecture (RSA) in response to nitrogen (N) deficiency. The plant steroidal hormone, brassinosteroid (BR), plays important roles in root growth and development. This study demonstrates that optimal levels of exogenous BR impact significant increases in lateral root length and numbers in Arabidopsis seedlings under mild N-deficient conditions as compared to untreated seedlings. The impact of BR on RSA was stronger under mild N deficiency than under N-sufficient conditions. The BR effects on RSA were mimicked in dominant mutants of BZR1 and BES1 ( bzr1-1D and bes1-D ) transcription factors, while the RSA was highly reduced in the BR-insensitive mutant bri1-6 , confirming that BR signaling is essential for the development of RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions. Exogenous BR and constitutive activity of BZR1 and BES1 in dominant mutants led to enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length. Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D displayed higher fresh and dry shoot weights, chlorophyll content, and N levels in the shoot, as compared to the wild type. These results indicate that BR modulates RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 module and confers tolerance to N deficiency.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous BR increased lateral root length and number under mild N deficiency relative to untreated seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis seedlingse0
- Treatment
- exogenous BRe0
- Outcome
- lateral root length and numberse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse0
Not reportedSetting
Verbatim
e0“optimal levels of exogenous BR impact significant increases in lateral root length and numbers in Arabidopsis seedlings under mild N-deficient conditions as compared to untreated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BR affected root system architecture more under mild N deficiency than under N-sufficient conditions.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- BRe0
- Outcome
- RSAe0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- N-sufficient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impact of BR on RSA was stronger under mild N deficiency than under N-sufficient conditions”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant BZR1 and BES1 mutants mimicked BR effects on RSA.
Verbatim
e0“The BR effects on RSA were mimicked in dominant mutants of BZR1 and BES1 ( bzr1-1D and bes1-D ) transcription factors”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
RSA was highly reduced in the BR-insensitive bri1-6 mutant.
Verbatim
e0“the RSA was highly reduced in the BR-insensitive mutant bri1-6”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous BR enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Exogenous BRe0
- Outcome
- root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous BR and constitutive activity of BZR1 and BES1 in dominant mutants led to enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive BZR1 and BES1 activity enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length.
Verbatim
e0“constitutive activity of BZR1 and BES1 in dominant mutants led to enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D had higher shoot fresh and dry weights than wild type.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D displayed higher fresh and dry shoot weights, chlorophyll content, and N levels in the shoot, as compared to the wild type”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D had higher shoot chlorophyll content and N levels than wild type.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D displayed higher fresh and dry shoot weights, chlorophyll content, and N levels in the shoot, as compared to the wild type”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that BR modulation via BES1/BZR1 confers tolerance to N deficiency.
Verbatim
e0“BR modulates RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 module and confers tolerance to N deficiency”
t0“root system architecture”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
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