Abstract
Fungicides play a crucial role in conventional agriculture for disease control, but their prolonged use raises health and environmental concerns. Fusarium culmorum (F. culmorum), a major wheat pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), poses significant mycotoxigenic threats. The application of natural plant extracts has been proven to fight against phytopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to a field experiment that was carried out at the Field Experimental Station of the Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute in Winna Góra, Poland, during the 2022/2023 season to evaluate the potential of Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method (SC-CO2) was employed to obtain the L. album flower extract. Ergosterol (ERG) and mycotoxin accumulation in the harvested wheat grains were analyzed using chromatography-based methods. The results demonstrated a notable reduction in ERG content in the field plots treated with L. album flower extract, from 26.07 µg/g (control group) to 8.91 µg/g (extract-treated group) for Arkadia and from 70.02 µg/g (control group) to 30.20 µg/g (extract-treated group) for Julius. The treatment with L. album reduced mycotoxin biosynthesis in both varieties, with deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) production significantly decreased. Additionally, Arkadia exhibited greater resistance to Fusarium infection, and the antifungal effect of L. album was more pronounced than in the Julius variety, which proved to be more sensitive. In conclusion, L. album flower extract exhibited promising antifungal effects in field experiments to fight against F. culmorum in winter wheat varieties, suggesting a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides. However, as complete prevention of mycotoxin contamination was not achieved, further research is warranted to optimize extract concentrations and conduct long-term analyses to consider this plant extract as a sustainable control agent.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium album flower extract reduced ERG content in field-grown Arkadia wheat grains to 8.91 µg/g.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Arkadiae1
- Organ / stage
- harvested wheat grainse3
- Treatment
- L. album flower extracte1
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume2pathogen - Outcome
- ERG contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 8.91 µg/ge1
- Qualifier
- from 26.07 µg/ge1
- Comparator
- control groupe1
- Setting
- field plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius”
e1“a notable reduction in ERG content in the field plots treated with L. album flower extract, from 26.07 µg/g (control group) to 8.91 µg/g (extract-treated group) for Arkadia”
e2“Fusarium culmorum (F. culmorum), a major wheat pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR)”
e3“Ergosterol (ERG) and mycotoxin accumulation in the harvested wheat grains were analyzed”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium album reduced production of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- L. albume6
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) productione5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius”
e5“with deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) production significantly decreased”
e6“The treatment with L. album reduced mycotoxin biosynthesis in both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Arkadia showed greater resistance to Fusarium infection than Julius.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Arkadiae7
- Outcome
- resistance to Fusarium infectione7
- Direction
- greatere7
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius”
e2“Fusarium culmorum (F. culmorum), a major wheat pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR)”
e7“Arkadia exhibited greater resistance to Fusarium infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The antifungal effect of Lamium album was more pronounced in Arkadia than in Julius.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- L. albume7
- Outcome
- antifungal effecte7
- Direction
- more pronouncede7
- Comparator
- Juliuse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius”
e7“the antifungal effect of L. album was more pronounced than in the Julius variety, which proved to be more sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
Julius was more sensitive to the fungal infection than Arkadia.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Juliuse7
- Outcome
- more sensitivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius”
e7“the antifungal effect of L. album was more pronounced than in the Julius variety, which proved to be more sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamium album reduced ERG content in Julius wheat grains to 30.20 µg/g.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Juliuse6
- Treatment
- Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- ERG contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 30.20 µg/ge6
- Qualifier
- from 70.02 µg/ge6
- Comparator
- control groupe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lamium album (L. album) flower extract as a foliar spray against mycotoxigenic fungi in two winter wheat varieties: Arkadia and Julius”
e1“a notable reduction in ERG content in the field plots treated with L. album flower extract, from 26.07 µg/g (control group) to 8.91 µg/g (extract-treated group) for Arkadia”
e6“from 70.02 µg/g (control group) to 30.20 µg/g (extract-treated group) for Julius”
The same questions in other papers
Lamium album · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Lamium album · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →application · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
96 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
111 papers more in this group
See all 115 papers →botanical · Fusarium culmorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.