Abstract
Kales (Brassica oleracea convar. acephala) are fast-growing, nutritious leafy vegetables ideal for year-round indoor farming. However, selection of the best cultivars for growth under artificial lighting necessitates a deeper understanding of leaf metabolism in different kale types. Here we examined a curly-leaved cultivar, Half Tall, and a lacinato-type cultivar, Black Magic, under moderate light (130 µmol photons m-2 s-1/22 °C) and high light (800 µmol photons m-2 s-1/26 °C) conditions. These conditions induced genotype-dependent differences in nutritionally important metabolites, especially anthocyanins and glucosinolates (GSLs), in kale cultivars. In the pale green Half Tall, growth under high light conditions did not induce changes in either pigmentation or total GSL content. In contrast, the purple pigmentation of Black Magic intensified due to increased anthocyanin accumulation. Black Magic showed reduced contents of indole GSLs and increased contents of aliphatic GSLs under high light conditions, with notable cultivar-specific adjustments in individual GSL species. Correlation analysis of metabolite profiles suggested cultivar-specific metabolic interplay between serine biosynthesis and the production of indole GSLs. RNA sequencing identified candidate genes encoding metabolic enzymes and regulatory components behind anthocyanin and GSL biosynthesis. These findings improve our understanding of leaf metabolism and its effects on the nutritional quality of kale cultivars.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High versus moderate light conditions induced genotype-dependent differences in nutritionally important metabolites, especially anthocyanins and glucosinolates, between the two kale cultivars.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Material
- kale cultivarse0
- Outcome
- nutritionally important metabolitese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These conditions induced genotype-dependent differences in nutritionally important metabolites, especially anthocyanins and glucosinolates (GSLs), in kale cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In the pale green cultivar Half Tall, growth under high light did not change pigmentation or total glucosinolate content relative to moderate light.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Material
- Half Talle1
- Treatment
- growth under high light conditionse1
- Outcome
- pigmentation or total GSL contente1
- Direction
- did not induce changese1
- Comparator
- moderate lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kale”
e1“In the pale green Half Tall, growth under high light conditions did not induce changes in either pigmentation or total GSL content”
e2“under moderate light”
Claim · model-written summary
In Black Magic, purple pigmentation intensified under high light due to increased anthocyanin accumulation, relative to moderate light.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Material
- Black Magice0
- Treatment
- growth under high light conditionse1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- moderate lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kale”
e0“the purple pigmentation of Black Magic intensified due to increased anthocyanin accumulation”
e1“growth under high light conditions”
e2“under moderate light”
Claim · model-written summary
Black Magic showed reduced contents of indole glucosinolates under high light conditions compared with moderate light.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Material
- Black Magice0
- Treatment
- high light conditionse0
- Outcome
- contents of indole GSLse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- moderate lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kale”
e0“Black Magic showed reduced contents of indole GSLs and increased contents of aliphatic GSLs under high light conditions”
e2“under moderate light”
Claim · model-written summary
Black Magic showed increased contents of aliphatic glucosinolates under high light conditions compared with moderate light.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Material
- Black Magice0
- Treatment
- high light conditionse0
- Outcome
- contents of aliphatic GSLse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- moderate lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kale”
e0“Black Magic showed reduced contents of indole GSLs and increased contents of aliphatic GSLs under high light conditions”
e2“under moderate light”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlation analysis of metabolite profiles suggested a cultivar-specific metabolic interplay between serine biosynthesis and the production of indole glucosinolates.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Compound
- serinee0
- Outcome
- production of indole GSLse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kale”
e0“Correlation analysis of metabolite profiles suggested cultivar-specific metabolic interplay between serine biosynthesis and the production of indole GSLs”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing identified candidate genes encoding metabolic enzymes and regulatory components behind anthocyanin and glucosinolate biosynthesis in kale.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Outcome
- candidate genes encoding metabolic enzymes and regulatory componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“kale”
e0“RNA sequencing identified candidate genes encoding metabolic enzymes and regulatory components behind anthocyanin and GSL biosynthesis”
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