Abstract
The application of nitrogen (N) improves the winter wheat yield. Excessive N application affects winter wheat yields, leading to low net incomes and negative environmental impacts, therefore, optimizing N application is essential. In this study, the effects of N rates on crop growth yield, net income (NI), water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in the irrigated districts of the eastern loess plateau, China, were investigated using seven N application rates (N0, N90, N180, N210, N240, N270, and N300 kg ha−1) during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons. N application significantly increased the total water consumption at 0–200 cm during the growth period, the aboveground dry matter at maturity, the grain nitrogen accumulation, yield, NI, and WUE. However, N exceeding 240 kg ha−1 did not favor dry matter and nitrogen accumulation or translocation from the anthesis stage to the maturity stage, thus leading to reduced yield, NI, and WUE. The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance N240 was highest 21–28 day after anthesis, at 187–276 kg ha−1, which can achieve a high yield and profitability with relatively low environmental costs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased total water consumption at 0–200 cm.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- total water consumptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 0–200 cm during the growth periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application significantly increased the total water consumption at 0–200 cm during the growth period”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased aboveground dry matter at maturity.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- aboveground dry matter at maturitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application significantly increased the total water consumption at 0–200 cm during the growth period, the aboveground dry matter at maturity”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased grain nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain nitrogen accumulation, yield, NI, and WUE”
e1“N application significantly increased”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased yield, net income and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- yield, NI, and WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application significantly increased the total water consumption at 0–200 cm during the growth period, the aboveground dry matter at maturity, the grain nitrogen accumulation, yield, NI, and WUE”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen above 240 kg ha−1 did not favor dry matter and nitrogen accumulation or translocation.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N exceeding 240 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- dry matter and nitrogen accumulation or translocatione0
- Direction
- did not favore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N exceeding 240 kg ha−1 did not favor dry matter and nitrogen accumulation or translocation from the anthesis stage to the maturity stage”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen above 240 kg ha−1 reduced yield, net income and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N exceeding 240 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- yield, NI, and WUEe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N exceeding 240 kg ha−1 did not favor dry matter and nitrogen accumulation or translocation from the anthesis stage to the maturity stage, thus leading to reduced yield, NI, and WUE”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N240 had the highest transpiration rate and stomatal conductance 21–28 days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N240e0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 21–28 day after anthesise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance N240 was highest 21–28 day after anthesis”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify 187–276 kg ha−1 nitrogen as a range for high yield and profitability with relatively low environmental cost.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 187–276 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- high yield and profitability with relatively low environmental costse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 187–276 kg ha−1, which can achieve a high yield and profitability with relatively low environmental costs”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.