Abstract
Under natural conditions, abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and development tend to occur simultaneously, rather than individually. Due to global warming and climate change, the frequency and intensity of heat and salt stresses are becoming more frequent. Our aim is to determine the response mechanisms of tomato to different intensities of combined heat and salt stresses. The physiological and morphological responses and photosynthesis/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes of tomato plants were compared under a control, heat stress, salt stress (50/100/200/400 mM NaCl), and a combination of salt and heat stresses. The stomatal conductance (gs) of tomato leaves significantly increased at a heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment on day 4, but significantly decreased at heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatments, compared with the control on days 4 and 8. The O2·− production rate of tomato plants was significantly higher at heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl than the control, which showed no significant difference between heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment and the control on days 4 and 8. Ascorbate peroxidase 2 was significantly upregulated by heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatment as compared with heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment on days 4 and 8. This study demonstrated that the dominant effect ratio of combined heat and salt stress on tomato plants can shift from heat to salt, when the intensity of salt stress increased from 50 mM to 100 mM or above. This study provides important information for tomato tolerance improvement at combined heat and salt stresses.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Heat plus 50 mM NaCl increased tomato stomatal conductance on day 4 relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- heat + 50 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (gs)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- day 4e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal conductance (gs) of tomato leaves significantly increased at a heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment on day 4, but significantly decreased at heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatments, compared with the control on days 4 and 8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat plus 100, 200 or 400 mM NaCl decreased tomato stomatal conductance on days 4 and 8 relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatmentse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (gs)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- days 4 and 8e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal conductance (gs) of tomato leaves significantly increased at a heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment on day 4, but significantly decreased at heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatments, compared with the control on days 4 and 8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato superoxide production was higher under heat plus 100, 200 or 400 mM NaCl than control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- O2·− production ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- days 4 and 8e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The O2·− production rate of tomato plants was significantly higher at heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl than the control, which showed no significant difference between heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment and the control on days 4 and 8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato superoxide production did not differ significantly between heat plus 50 mM NaCl and control on days 4 and 8.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heat + 50 mM NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- O2·− production ratee0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- days 4 and 8e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The O2·− production rate of tomato plants was significantly higher at heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl than the control, which showed no significant difference between heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment and the control on days 4 and 8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat plus 100, 200 or 400 mM NaCl upregulated ascorbate peroxidase 2 relative to heat plus 50 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatmente0
- Gene
- Ascorbate peroxidase 2e0
- Outcome
- Ascorbate peroxidase 2e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- days 4 and 8e0
- Comparator
- heat + 50 mM NaCl treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbate peroxidase 2 was significantly upregulated by heat + 100/200/400 mM NaCl treatment as compared with heat + 50 mM NaCl treatment on days 4 and 8.”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The dominant effect of combined heat and salt stress on tomato shifted from heat to salt as salt rose from 50 mM to at least 100 mM.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- dominant effect ratio of combined heat and salt stresse0
- Direction
- shift from heat to salte0
- Qualifier
- 50 mM to 100 mM or abovee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dominant effect ratio of combined heat and salt stress on tomato plants can shift from heat to salt, when the intensity of salt stress increased from 50 mM to 100 mM or above”
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