Abstract
Salt and drought are documented among the most detrimental and persistent abiotic stresses for crop production. Here, we investigated the impact of Pseudomonas koreensis strain S4T10 on plant performance under salt and drought stress. Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water and exposed to NaCl (100 mM) for five days and drought stress by withholding water for seven days. P. koreensis significantly enhanced plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments under salt and drought stress conditions. Moreover, P. koreensis activated the antioxidant defence by modulating glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species produced due to the stress. In addition, the application of P. koreensis upregulated the expression of genes associated with antioxidant responses, such as AtCAT1, AtCAT3, and AtSOD. Similarly, genes linked to salt stress, such as AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtNHX1, and AtHKT1, were also upregulated, affirming the positive role of P. koreensis S4T10 in streamlining the cellular influx and efflux transport systems during salt stress. Likewise, the PGPB inoculation was observed to regulate the expression of drought-responsive genes AtDREB2A, AtDREB2B, and ABA-responsive genes AtAO3, AtABA3 indicating that S4T10 enhanced drought tolerance via modulation of the ABA pathway. The results of this study affirm that P. koreensis S4T10 could be further developed as a biofertilizer to mitigate salt and drought stress at the same time.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
P. koreensis significantly increased Arabidopsis biomass under salt and drought stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Treatment
- inoculated with P. koreensise1
- Interactor
- P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under salt and drought stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- tap watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. koreensis significantly enhanced plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments under salt and drought stress conditions”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
P. koreensis significantly increased Arabidopsis photosynthetic pigments under salt and drought stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. koreensise1
- Interactor
- P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise1symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under salt and drought stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- tap watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. koreensis significantly enhanced plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments under salt and drought stress conditions”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
P. koreensis modulated GSH and antioxidant enzyme activities in Arabidopsis under stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. koreensise1
- Interactor
- P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise1symbiont
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e0
- Compound
- glutathione (GSH)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defencee0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Comparator
- tap watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. koreensis activated the antioxidant defence by modulating glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species produced due to the stress”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
P. koreensis upregulated Arabidopsis antioxidant response genes AtCAT1, AtCAT3 and AtSOD.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- application of P. koreensise0
- Interactor
- P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise0symbiont
- Gene
- AtCAT1, AtCAT3, and AtSODe0
- Outcome
- expression of genes associated with antioxidant responsese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- tap watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of P. koreensis upregulated the expression of genes associated with antioxidant responses, such as AtCAT1, AtCAT3, and AtSOD”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
P. koreensis upregulated Arabidopsis salt stress genes AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtNHX1 and AtHKT1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. koreensise1
- Interactor
- P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise1symbiont
- Gene
- AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtNHX1, and AtHKT1e0
- Outcome
- genes linked to salt stresse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- tap watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes linked to salt stress, such as AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtNHX1, and AtHKT1, were also upregulated”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB inoculation regulated expression of Arabidopsis drought and ABA responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- PGPB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- P. koreensisPseudomonas koreensise1symbiont
- Gene
- AtDREB2A, AtDREB2Be0
- Outcome
- expression of drought-responsive genese0
- Comparator
- tap watere1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PGPB inoculation was observed to regulate the expression of drought-responsive genes AtDREB2A, AtDREB2B, and ABA-responsive genes AtAO3, AtABA3”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type and atnced3 mutant plants were inoculated with P. koreensis or tap water”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose P. koreensis S4T10 as a biofertilizer to mitigate salt and drought stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- P. koreensis S4T10Pseudomonas koreensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- could be further developed as a biofertilizer to mitigate salt and drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. koreensis S4T10 could be further developed as a biofertilizer to mitigate salt and drought stress at the same time”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 wild type”
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