Abstract
The objective of the work was to study the changes in height and stem diameter of sunflower plants during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance. Field experiments were carried out during the spring season of 2000 and2001. Agricultural practices were made according to recommendations.Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments:Control(unsoaking), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron moisture meter. Results showed that stress 600 and 800Kp caused asignificant decreasing in plan height and stem diameter at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons.The decrease in plant height at physiological maturation as a mean of seasons were 12.62 and 14.29%, and stem diameter 11.94 and 9.41%, respectively compared with full irrigation.Euroflor was superior over Flame in plant height at most growth stages during spring season of 2000, while Flame was superior in plant height at most growth stages during spring season of 2001 ,and in stem diameter after 30 days from planting.Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutions decreased plant height at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons. The decrease at physiological maturation as amean of seasons were 4.49 and 2.78%compared with unsoaked , and 5.27 and 3.57% compared with soaking in water, respectively.On the other hand,soaking in paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased stem diameter at physiological maturation by 9.78 and 12.18% compared with unsoaked as a mean of seasons. In conclusion, that it could reduce plant height and increase stem diameter to support the plants to drought tolerance by soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulator
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress levels of 600 and 800 Kp significantly decreased plant height and stem diameter at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- stress 600 and 800Kpe0
- Outcome
- plan height and stem diametere0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“stress 600 and 800Kp caused asignificant decreasing in plan height and stem diameter at most growth stages in both seasons”
e1“compared with full irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
At physiological maturation, mean plant height fell by 12.62 and 14.29% under the two stress levels relative to full irrigation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- stress 600 and 800Kpe0
- Outcome
- plant height at physiological maturatione1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 12.62 and 14.29%e1
- Comparator
- full irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“stress 600 and 800Kp caused asignificant decreasing in plan height and stem diameter at most growth stages in both seasons”
e1“The decrease in plant height at physiological maturation as a mean of seasons were 12.62 and 14.29%, and stem diameter 11.94 and 9.41%, respectively compared with full irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
At physiological maturation, mean stem diameter fell by 11.94 and 9.41% under the two stress levels relative to full irrigation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- stress 600 and 800Kpe0
- Outcome
- stem diametere1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 11.94 and 9.41%e1
- Comparator
- full irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“stress 600 and 800Kp caused asignificant decreasing in plan height and stem diameter at most growth stages in both seasons”
e1“The decrease in plant height at physiological maturation as a mean of seasons were 12.62 and 14.29%, and stem diameter 11.94 and 9.41%, respectively compared with full irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Euroflor was superior to Flame in plant height at most growth stages in the spring season of 2000.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Euroflore0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- Flamee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“Euroflor was superior over Flame in plant height at most growth stages during spring season of 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Flame was superior in plant height at most growth stages in spring 2001 and in stem diameter after 30 days from planting.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Flamee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- after 30 days from plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“Flame was superior in plant height at most growth stages during spring season of 2001 ,and in stem diameter after 30 days from planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Presowing seed soaking in paclobutrazol and pix solutions decreased plant height at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutionse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- unsoakede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutions decreased plant height at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons”
e1“The decrease at physiological maturation as amean of seasons were 4.49 and 2.78%compared with unsoaked”
Claim · model-written summary
At physiological maturation, soaking in paclobutrazol and pix decreased mean plant height by 4.49 and 2.78% relative to unsoaked seeds.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol and pix solutionse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 4.49 and 2.78%e1
- Qualifier
- physiological maturatione1
- Comparator
- unsoakede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutions decreased plant height at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons”
e1“The decrease at physiological maturation as amean of seasons were 4.49 and 2.78%compared with unsoaked”
Claim · model-written summary
At physiological maturation, soaking in paclobutrazol and pix decreased mean plant height by 5.27 and 3.57% relative to soaking in water.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol and pix solutionse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.27 and 3.57%e1
- Comparator
- soaking in watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutions decreased plant height at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons”
e1“5.27 and 3.57% compared with soaking in water”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking seeds in paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased stem diameter at physiological maturation by 9.78 and 12.18% relative to unsoaked seeds as a mean of seasons.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- soaking in paclobutrazol and pix solutionse0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.78 and 12.18%e0
- Comparator
- unsoakede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“soaking in paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased stem diameter at physiological maturation by 9.78 and 12.18% compared with unsoaked as a mean of seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that presowing seed soaking in water or a growth regulator can reduce plant height and increase stem diameter to support drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- it could reduce plant height and increase stem diameter to support the plants to drought tolerance by soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUNFLOWER PLANT”
e0“it could reduce plant height and increase stem diameter to support the plants to drought tolerance by soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulator”
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