Abstract
Lowland rice flooding, while consuming considerable water, has adverse environmental effects, including releasing methane into the atmosphere, aggravating climate change. Several drawbacks can be attributed to water-saving alternatives, such as aerobic rice, whereas rice drip irrigation techniques have been evaluated primarily under aerobic conditions. This study investigated drip tape irrigation technique with different lateral spacings for transplanted rice in puddled paddy soil at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht over two years (2020 and 2021), compared to intermittent irrigation. In twelve isolated concrete basins, three treatments with lateral spacings of 40 (T40), 60 (T60), and 80 cm (T80), were compared with a fixed five-day period intermittent irrigation (INT). In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio. In contrast, T80 resulted in the lowest grain weight (2892 and 3653 kg ha−1, respectively) and yield characteristics values, while producing the highest weeds population. Drip tape irrigation significantly reduced water application by 27% and 36% in 2020 and 2021, respectively and T40 achieved the highest water productivity, at 0.68 kg m−3. The economic water productivity estimation of drip tape irrigation can range from 0.11 to 0.51 US$ m−3 in various scenarios, while that of intermittent irrigation remains at 0.25 US$ m−3.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
INT produced high grain yield of 3814.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
INT produced high grain yield of 4758 kg ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T40 produced high grain yield of 3613.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T40 produced high grain yield of 4020 kg ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T40 had the highest sterile spikelets ratio.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- T40e0
- Outcome
- sterile spikelets ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2020 and 2021, the INT treatment produced the highest grain yield (3814 and 4758 kg ha−1, respectively) and among drip tape treatments, T40 demonstrated the highest grain yield (3613 and 4020 kg ha−1, respectively), comparable with INT’s yield but with the highest sterile spikelets ratio.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T80 had the lowest grain weight, 2892.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, T80 resulted in the lowest grain weight (2892 and 3653 kg ha−1, respectively) and yield characteristics values, while producing the highest weeds population.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T80 had the lowest grain weight, 3653 kg ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, T80 resulted in the lowest grain weight (2892 and 3653 kg ha−1, respectively) and yield characteristics values, while producing the highest weeds population.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T80 had the lowest yield characteristics values.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T80e0
- Outcome
- yield characteristics valuese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, T80 resulted in the lowest grain weight (2892 and 3653 kg ha−1, respectively) and yield characteristics values, while producing the highest weeds population.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T80 produced the highest weed population.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T80e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds populatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, T80 resulted in the lowest grain weight (2892 and 3653 kg ha−1, respectively) and yield characteristics values, while producing the highest weeds population.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip tape irrigation reduced water application by 27%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drip tape irrigatione0
- Outcome
- water applicatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip tape irrigation significantly reduced water application by 27% and 36% in 2020 and 2021, respectively and T40 achieved the highest water productivity, at 0.68 kg m−3.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip tape irrigation reduced water application by 36%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drip tape irrigatione0
- Outcome
- water applicatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip tape irrigation significantly reduced water application by 27% and 36% in 2020 and 2021, respectively and T40 achieved the highest water productivity, at 0.68 kg m−3.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T40 achieved the highest water productivity, 0.68 kg m−3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T40e0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.68 kg m−3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drip tape irrigation significantly reduced water application by 27% and 36% in 2020 and 2021, respectively and T40 achieved the highest water productivity, at 0.68 kg m−3.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated drip tape economic water productivity ranges from 0.11 to 0.51 US$ m−3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drip tape irrigatione0
- Outcome
- economic water productivity estimatione0
- Value
- 0.11 to 0.51 US$ m−3e0
- Qualifier
- various scenariose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic water productivity estimation of drip tape irrigation can range from 0.11 to 0.51 US$ m−3 in various scenarios, while that of intermittent irrigation remains at 0.25 US$ m−3.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated intermittent irrigation economic water productivity is 0.25 US$ m−3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intermittent irrigatione0
- Outcome
- economic water productivitye0
- Value
- 0.25 US$ m−3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic water productivity estimation of drip tape irrigation can range from 0.11 to 0.51 US$ m−3 in various scenarios, while that of intermittent irrigation remains at 0.25 US$ m−3.”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 201 in the opposite direction · 64 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.