Abstract
Okra is a staple vegetable in Indian cuisine which is extensively cultivated year-round due to its rich composition of essential minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and dietary fiber. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of mulching and protective structures on okra cultivation during the winter period (off-season). Consequently, okra seeds were planted in three distinct environments: a Net-cum-poly house equipped with a ridge vent, Net-cum-poly house lacking a ridge vent and an open field. These environments were combined with three different mulch conditions: silver-black plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, and no-mulch. The experiment employed a two-factor large-plot design with four replications. The findings of this study revealed the substantial influence of mulching and protective structures on off-season okra cultivation. Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch. In terms of water management, irrigation volumes delivered under mulched and non-mulched conditions were 387 mm and 446 mm respectively for the open field, while the corresponding figures for the protected environment were 319 mm and 366 mm. The highest water use efficiency was observed 61.97 kg/ha-mm in treatment combination with silver black plastic mulch and Net-cum-poly house without ridge vent. Notably, mulching resulted in a 13.34% reduction in water consumption compared to the non-mulched open field. In the protected environment, water savings reached 28.43% under mulch and 17.76% under no-mulch conditions relative to the non-mulched open field.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Okra grown in a net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent under silver-black mulch had a significantly improved stem diameter of 17.20 mm.
- Taxon
- Okra
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulche2
- Outcome
- stem diametere2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Value
- 17.20 mme2
- Setting
- Semi-Arid Regiont0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e2“Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra grown in the same protected combination had a significantly improved plant height of 164 cm.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulche2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Value
- 164 cme2
- Setting
- Semi-Arid Regiont0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e2“Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra grown in the same protected combination had a significantly improved internode length of 18 cm.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulche2
- Outcome
- internode lengthe2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Value
- 18 cme2
- Setting
- Semi-Arid Regiont0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e2“Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra grown in the same protected combination had a significantly improved number of fruits per plant, 35.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulche2
- Outcome
- the number of fruits per plante2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Value
- 35e2
- Setting
- Semi-Arid Regiont0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e2“Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra grown in the same protected combination had a significantly improved fruit weight per plant of 367.31 g.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulche2
- Outcome
- fruit weight per plante2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Value
- 367.31gme2
- Setting
- Semi-Arid Regiont0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e2“Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra grown in the same protected combination had a significantly improved overall fruit yield of 19755 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulche2
- Outcome
- overall fruit yielde2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Value
- 19755 kg/hae2
- Setting
- Semi-Arid Regiont0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e2“Key agronomic parameters, including stem diameter (17.20 mm), plant height (164 cm), internode length (18 cm), the number of fruits per plant (35), fruit weight per plant (367.31gm) and overall fruit yield (19755 kg/ha) exhibited statistically significant improvements in the combination of a Net-cum-poly house without a ridge vent and silver-black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
The silver-black mulch and net-cum-poly house without ridge vent combination gave the highest water use efficiency, 61.97 kg/ha-mm.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- silver black plastic mulch and Net-cum-poly house without ridge vente3
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 61.97 kg/ha-mme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e3“The highest water use efficiency was observed 61.97 kg/ha-mm in treatment combination with silver black plastic mulch and Net-cum-poly house without ridge vent”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation volume in the open field was 387 mm under mulched conditions.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- mulched conditionse4
- Outcome
- irrigation volumese4
- Value
- 387 mme4
- Qualifier
- 446 mme4
- Setting
- open fielde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e4“In terms of water management, irrigation volumes delivered under mulched and non-mulched conditions were 387 mm and 446 mm respectively for the open field, while the corresponding figures for the protected environment were 319 mm and 366 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation volume in the protected environment was 319 mm under mulched conditions.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- irrigation volumese4
- Value
- 319 mme4
- Qualifier
- 366 mme4
- Setting
- protected environmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e4“In terms of water management, irrigation volumes delivered under mulched and non-mulched conditions were 387 mm and 446 mm respectively for the open field, while the corresponding figures for the protected environment were 319 mm and 366 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced water consumption by 13.34% compared with the non-mulched open field.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- mulchinge5
- Outcome
- water consumptione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 13.34%e5
- Comparator
- non-mulched open fielde5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e5“Notably, mulching resulted in a 13.34% reduction in water consumption compared to the non-mulched open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mulch in the protected environment, water savings reached 28.43% relative to the non-mulched open field.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- under mulche6
- Outcome
- water savingse6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 28.43%e6
- Comparator
- non-mulched open fielde6
- Setting
- protected environmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e6“In the protected environment, water savings reached 28.43% under mulch and 17.76% under no-mulch conditions relative to the non-mulched open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Without mulch in the protected environment, water savings reached 17.76% relative to the non-mulched open field.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- no-mulch conditionse6
- Outcome
- water savingse6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 17.76%e6
- Comparator
- non-mulched open fielde6
- Setting
- protected environmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Performance of off-season Okra under Protected Structures in Semi-Arid Region”
e6“In the protected environment, water savings reached 28.43% under mulch and 17.76% under no-mulch conditions relative to the non-mulched open field”
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