Abstract
Overgrazing and phosphorus (P) deficiency are two major factors limiting the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. Exploring plant P utilization and acquisition strategies under grazing can provide a solid basis for determining a reasonable grazing intensity. Both foliar P allocation and root P acquisition are crucial mechanisms for plants to adapt to environmental P availability; however, their changing characteristics and correlation under grazing remain unknown. Here, we investigated foliar P fractions, root P-acquisition traits and gene expression, as well as rhizosphere and bulk soil properties of two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass), in a field grazing intensity gradient site in Inner Mongolia. Grazing induced different degrees of compensatory growth in the two dominant plant species, increased rhizosphere P availability, and alleviated plant P limitation. Under grazing, the foliar metabolite P of L. chinensis increased, whereas the nucleic acid P of S. grandis increased. Increased P fractions in L. chinensis were positively correlated with increased root exudates and rapid inorganic P absorption. For S. grandis, increased foliar P fractions were positively correlated with more fine roots, more root exudates, and up-regulated expression of genes involved in defense and P metabolism. Overall, efficient root P mobilization and uptake traits, as well as increases in leaf metabolic activity-related P fractions, supported plant compensatory growth under grazing, a process that differed between tiller types. The highest plant productivity and leaf metabolic activity-related P concentrations under medium grazing intensity clarify the underlying basis for sustainable livestock production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing induced compensatory growth in both species.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise1
- Treatment
- Grazinge0
- Outcome
- compensatory growthe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grazing induced different degrees of compensatory growth in the two dominant plant species, increased rhizosphere P availability, and alleviated plant P limitation.”
e1“two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing increased rhizosphere phosphorus availability.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise1
- Treatment
- Grazinge0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere P availabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grazing induced different degrees of compensatory growth in the two dominant plant species, increased rhizosphere P availability, and alleviated plant P limitation.”
e1“two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing alleviated plant phosphorus limitation.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise1
- Treatment
- Grazinge0
- Outcome
- plant P limitatione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grazing induced different degrees of compensatory growth in the two dominant plant species, increased rhizosphere P availability, and alleviated plant P limitation.”
e1“two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar metabolite phosphorus increased in L. chinensis under grazing.
- Taxon
- L. chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- grazinge1
- Outcome
- foliar metabolite Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under grazing, the foliar metabolite P of L. chinensis increased”
e1“Under grazing, the foliar metabolite P of L. chinensis increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleic acid phosphorus increased in S. grandis under grazing.
- Taxon
- S. grandisStipa grandise0
- Treatment
- grazinge1
- Outcome
- nucleic acid Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the nucleic acid P of S. grandis increased”
e1“Under grazing, the foliar metabolite P of L. chinensis increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased L. chinensis phosphorus fractions correlated positively with root exudates and inorganic phosphorus absorption.
Verbatim
e0“Increased P fractions in L. chinensis were positively correlated with increased root exudates and rapid inorganic P absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased S. grandis foliar phosphorus fractions correlated positively with fine roots, exudates and defense and phosphorus metabolism gene expression.
- Taxon
- S. grandisStipa grandise0
- Organ / stage
- fine rootse0
- Outcome
- foliar P fractionse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Verbatim
e0“For S. grandis, increased foliar P fractions were positively correlated with more fine roots, more root exudates, and up-regulated expression of genes involved in defense and P metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant productivity was highest under medium grazing intensity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise1
- Treatment
- medium grazing intensitye0
- Outcome
- plant productivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant productivity and leaf metabolic activity-related P concentrations under medium grazing intensity”
e1“two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf metabolic activity phosphorus concentration was highest under medium grazing intensity.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise1
- Treatment
- medium grazing intensitye0
- Outcome
- leaf metabolic activity-related P concentrationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant productivity and leaf metabolic activity-related P concentrations under medium grazing intensity”
e1“two dominant plant species, Leymus chinensis (a rhizomatous grass) and Stipa grandis (a bunchgrass)”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.