Abstract
Abstract Green manures (GM) combined with fertilizer reduction is an efficient measure to alleviate the environmental issues caused by the overapplication of chemical fertilizer. However, both the environmental and economic benefits remain unclear in coastal regions that are affected by both soil salinization and climate change. A field experiment was conducted in low‐yield cropland in the Yellow River Delta to explore the effects of green manure rotation combined with fertilizer reduction on the soil environment and economic sustainability. Two GM species, Vicia villosa (HV) and Orychophragmus violaceus (OV), a traditional winter wheat (Wheat), were grown in winter, with a fallow control (Fallow). In the subsequent maize season, three fertilizer rate treatments, a full rate of 600 kg ha −1 compound fertilizer (F100), 85% of the full rate (F85), and 70% of the full rate (F70), were applied in each former treatment. The results indicated that GM return markedly increased soil total N (TN) and P (TP) before the V6 stage of maize (when maize had 6 leaves). The average TN contents of HV and OV increased by 56.9% and 38.5%, respectively, compared with that of Wheat, while the values for TP were 13.6% and 16.9%. Compared with Fallow, the maize yields of HV and OV increased by 25.6% and 13.8%, respectively, while that of Wheat decreased by 9.1%. The average partial fertilizer productivities (PFPs) for HV and OV increased by 25.3% and 14.0% compared with Fallow, while Wheat decreased by 8.9%. The PFPs for F85 and F70 increased by 19.4% and 37.7%, respectively, compared with F100. Reducing the fertilizer rate to 70% in the HV–maize rotation pattern did not reduce but increased the total net profit and rate of return. Thus, HV–maize rotation combined with 30% fertilizer reduction is suggested for sustainable agriculture in this region.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
HV increased soil total N by 56.9% versus wheat.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The average TN contents of HV and OV increased by 56.9% and 38.5%, respectively, compared with that of Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
OV increased soil total N by 38.5% versus wheat.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The average TN contents of HV and OV increased by 56.9% and 38.5%, respectively, compared with that of Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HV raised soil total P by 13.6% versus wheat.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentDirection
Verbatim
e0“while the values for TP were 13.6% and 16.9%”
e1“compared with that of Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
OV raised soil total P by 16.9% versus wheat.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentDirection
Verbatim
e0“while the values for TP were 13.6% and 16.9%”
e1“compared with that of Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HV rotation increased maize yield by 25.6% versus fallow.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Fallow, the maize yields of HV and OV increased by 25.6% and 13.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
OV rotation increased maize yield by 13.8% versus fallow.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with Fallow, the maize yields of HV and OV increased by 25.6% and 13.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat rotation decreased maize yield by 9.1% versus fallow.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while that of Wheat decreased by 9.1%”
e1“Compared with Fallow, the maize yields of HV and OV increased”
Claim · model-written summary
HV increased partial fertilizer productivity by 25.3% versus fallow.
- Treatment
- HVe0
- Outcome
- partial fertilizer productivitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.3%e0
- Comparator
- Fallowe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The average partial fertilizer productivities (PFPs) for HV and OV increased by 25.3% and 14.0% compared with Fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
OV increased partial fertilizer productivity by 14.0% versus fallow.
- Treatment
- OVe0
- Outcome
- partial fertilizer productivitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.0%e0
- Comparator
- Fallowe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The average partial fertilizer productivities (PFPs) for HV and OV increased by 25.3% and 14.0% compared with Fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat rotation decreased partial fertilizer productivity by 8.9%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“while Wheat decreased by 8.9%”
e1“partial fertilizer productivities (PFPs)”
Claim · model-written summary
F85 raised partial fertilizer productivity by 19.4% versus F100.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The PFPs for F85 and F70 increased by 19.4% and 37.7%, respectively, compared with F100”
Claim · model-written summary
F70 raised partial fertilizer productivity by 37.7% versus F100.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The PFPs for F85 and F70 increased by 19.4% and 37.7%, respectively, compared with F100”
Claim · model-written summary
F70 in HV–maize rotation increased net profit and rate of return.
- Treatment
- Reducing the fertilizer rate to 70%e0
- Outcome
- total net profit and rate of returne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the fertilizer rate to 70% in the HV–maize rotation pattern did not reduce but increased the total net profit and rate of return”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest HV–maize rotation with 30% fertilizer reduction for the region.
- Outcome
- HV–maize rotation combined with 30% fertilizer reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HV–maize rotation combined with 30% fertilizer reduction is suggested for sustainable agriculture in this region”
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