Abstract
Low temperatures can inhibit plant growth and development and reduce fruit yield. This study demonstrated that the expression of AnGolS1 from Ammopiptanthus nanus ( A. nanus ) encoding a galactinol synthase enhanced tomato cold tolerance. In AnGolS1 -overexpressing plants, the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis substrates 13-hydroperoxylinolenicacid and 12,13-epoxylinolenicacid were significantly accumulated, and the expression levels of the ethylene response factor ( SlERF4 -7) and serine protease inhibitor ( SlSPI5 ) were increased. We speculated that there may be correlations among galactinol, ethylene signaling, the protease inhibitor, protease, and JA levels. The expression levels of SlERF4 -7 and SlSPI5 as well as the JA content were significantly increased under exogenous galactinol treatment. Additionally, the expression of SlSPI5 was reduced in SlERF4 -7-silenced plants, and SlERF4-7 was confirmed to bind to the dehydration-responsive element (DRE) of the SlSPI5 promoter. These results suggest that SlSPI5 is a target gene of the SlERF4-7 transcription factor. In addition, SlSPI5 interacted with cysteine protease (SlCPase), while SlCPase interacted with lipoxygenase (SlLOX5) and allene oxide synthase (SlAOS2). When SlCPase was silenced, JA levels increased and plant cold tolerance was enhanced. Therefore, galactinol regulates JA biosynthesis to enhance tomato cold tolerance through the SlERF4-7-SlSPI5-SlCPase-SlLOX5/SlAOS2 model. Overall, our study provides new perspectives on the role of galactinol in the JA regulatory network in plant adaptation to low-temperature stress.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
AnGolS1 expression enhanced tomato cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- expression of AnGolS1e0
- Gene
- AnGolS1e0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of AnGolS1 from Ammopiptanthus nanus ( A. nanus ) encoding a galactinol synthase enhanced tomato cold tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
13-hydroperoxylinolenicacid accumulated in AnGolS1 overexpressors.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Material
- AnGolS1 -overexpressing plantse0
- Outcome
- 13-hydroperoxylinolenicacide0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Verbatim
e0“In AnGolS1 -overexpressing plants, the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis substrates 13-hydroperoxylinolenicacid and 12,13-epoxylinolenicacid were significantly accumulated”
Claim · model-written summary
12,13-epoxylinolenicacid accumulated in AnGolS1 overexpressors.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“12,13-epoxylinolenicacid were significantly accumulated”
Claim · model-written summary
SlERF4 -7 expression increased in AnGolS1 overexpressors.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the expression levels of the ethylene response factor ( SlERF4 -7) and serine protease inhibitor ( SlSPI5 ) were increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSPI5 expression increased in AnGolS1 overexpressors.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“serine protease inhibitor ( SlSPI5 ) were increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous galactinol increased SlERF4 -7 and SlSPI5 expression.
- Treatment
- exogenous galactinol treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression levels of SlERF4 -7 and SlSPI5e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of SlERF4 -7 and SlSPI5 as well as the JA content were significantly increased under exogenous galactinol treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous galactinol increased JA content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The expression levels of SlERF4 -7 and SlSPI5 as well as the JA content were significantly increased under exogenous galactinol treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlERF4 -7 silencing reduced SlSPI5 expression.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- SlERF4 -7-silenced plantse0
- Gene
- SlSPI5e0
- Outcome
- expression of SlSPI5e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SlSPI5 was reduced in SlERF4 -7-silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SlERF4-7 bound the SlSPI5 promoter DRE.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SlERF4-7 was confirmed to bind to the dehydration-responsive element (DRE) of the SlSPI5 promoter.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSPI5 interacted with SlCPase.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SlSPI5 interacted with cysteine protease (SlCPase)”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCPase interacted with SlLOX5.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SlCPase interacted with lipoxygenase (SlLOX5) and allene oxide synthase (SlAOS2).”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCPase interacted with SlAOS2.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SlCPase interacted with lipoxygenase (SlLOX5) and allene oxide synthase (SlAOS2).”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCPase silencing increased JA levels.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When SlCPase was silenced, JA levels increased and plant cold tolerance was enhanced.”
Claim · model-written summary
SlCPase silencing enhanced cold tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When SlCPase was silenced, JA levels increased and plant cold tolerance was enhanced.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that galactinol regulates JA biosynthesis through the SlERF4-7-SlSPI5-SlCPase-SlLOX5/SlAOS2 model to enhance tomato cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- galactinole0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- SlERF4-7-SlSPI5-SlCPase-SlLOX5/SlAOS2 modele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“galactinol regulates JA biosynthesis to enhance tomato cold tolerance through the SlERF4-7-SlSPI5-SlCPase-SlLOX5/SlAOS2 model.”
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