Abstract
Growing crops on marginal and salt-affected soils with saline water will be more important for agricultural production in the future. The most prevalent anions in saline soils, chloride (Cl-) and sulfate (SO42-) have distinct effects on plant growth, metabolism, nutrient composition, productivity, and nutrient requirements. In order to ascertain the role of phosphorus in mitigating salinity stress in tomato plants, a pot experiment was conducted in a screen house under two types of saline environments chloride-dominated (Cl-: SO42- = 7:3) and sulfate-dominated (Cl-: SO42- = 3:7), with two comparable ECe levels (non-saline and 6 dS m−1) and four graded phosphorus levels (0, 12.5, 25, 50 mg kg−1soil). The significant increase in yield up to 50 ppm added P indicated that plants require more P under chloride salinity than sulfate salinity. In non-saline, chloride, and sulfate-dominated conditions, increased P from 0 to 50 ppm increased chlorophyll 'a‘ and 'b‘ values by 21.4, 19.8 and 23.8% and 10, 20 and 14%, respectively. The reduced photochemical efficiency due to salinity, was increased 32%, 30% and 13% as P level increased from 0 to 50 ppm in non-saline, Cl--6 and SO42—6 conditions, respectively. The TSS, ascorbic acid content and titrable acidity of tomato fruits was improved with mild salinity stress but reduced with added P. The plant N, P and K content increased significantly with each added P level irrespective of types of salinity. The plant composition indicated an antagonism between phosphorus and chloride ions and synergism between phosphorus and sulfate ions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Added phosphorus significantly increased tomato yield up to 50 ppm, implying greater phosphorus need under chloride salinity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- up to 50 ppm added Pe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant increase in yield up to 50 ppm added P indicated that plants require more P under chloride salinity than sulfate salinity.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus from 0 to 50 ppm increased chlorophyll a by 21.4% under nonsaline conditions, 19.8% under chloride and 23.8% under sulfate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increased P from 0 to 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll 'a‘e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4, 19.8 and 23.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In non-saline, chloride, and sulfate-dominated conditions, increased P from 0 to 50 ppm increased chlorophyll 'a‘ and 'b‘ values by 21.4, 19.8 and 23.8% and 10, 20 and 14%, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus from 0 to 50 ppm increased chlorophyll b by 10%, 20% and 14% under nonsaline, chloride and sulfate conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increased P from 0 to 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- 'b‘e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10, 20 and 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In non-saline, chloride, and sulfate-dominated conditions, increased P from 0 to 50 ppm increased chlorophyll 'a‘ and 'b‘ values by 21.4, 19.8 and 23.8% and 10, 20 and 14%, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rising phosphorus from 0 to 50 ppm increased photochemical efficiency by 32% in nonsaline conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P level increased from 0 to 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- non-salinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduced photochemical efficiency due to salinity, was increased 32%, 30% and 13% as P level increased from 0 to 50 ppm in non-saline, Cl--6 and SO42—6 conditions, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rising phosphorus increased photochemical efficiency by 30% under Cl--6 conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P level increased from 0 to 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- Cl--6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduced photochemical efficiency due to salinity, was increased 32%, 30% and 13% as P level increased from 0 to 50 ppm in non-saline, Cl--6 and SO42—6 conditions, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rising phosphorus increased photochemical efficiency by 13% under SO42—6 conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P level increased from 0 to 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- SO42—6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduced photochemical efficiency due to salinity, was increased 32%, 30% and 13% as P level increased from 0 to 50 ppm in non-saline, Cl--6 and SO42—6 conditions, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild salinity improved tomato fruit TSS, ascorbic acid and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- mild salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- TSS, ascorbic acid content and titrable aciditye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TSS, ascorbic acid content and titrable acidity of tomato fruits was improved with mild salinity stress but reduced with added P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Added phosphorus reduced tomato fruit TSS, ascorbic acid and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- added Pe0
- Outcome
- TSS, ascorbic acid content and titrable aciditye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TSS, ascorbic acid content and titrable acidity of tomato fruits was improved with mild salinity stress but reduced with added P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Each added phosphorus level significantly increased plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content regardless of salinity type.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- each added P levele0
- Outcome
- plant N, P and K contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant N, P and K content increased significantly with each added P level irrespective of types of salinity.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant composition indicated phosphorus antagonism with chloride and synergism with sulfate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- phosphorus and chloride ionse0
- Outcome
- plant compositione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant composition indicated an antagonism between phosphorus and chloride ions and synergism between phosphorus and sulfate ions.”
t0“tomato”
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