Abstract
The European Union is among the top wheat producers in the world, but its productivity relies on adequate soil fertilisation. Biofertilisers, either alone or in combination with biochar, can be a preferable alternative to chemical fertilisers. However, the addition of biofertilisers, specifically plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM), could modify grain composition, and/or deteriorate the soil composition. In this study, the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar. An in-depth analysis was conducted by collecting physiological and agronomic data throughout the growth period. The effects of PGPM and biochar were investigated in detail; specifically, soil chemistry and rhizosphere microbial composition were characterized, along with the treatment effects on seed storage proteins. The results demonstrated that the addition of commercial microbial consortia and biochar, alone or in combination, did not modify the rhizospheric microbial community; however, it increased grain yield, especially in the cultivar Svevo (increase of 6.8 %-13.6 %), even though the factors driving the most variations were associated with both climate and cultivar. The total gluten content of the flours was not affected, whereas the main effect of the treatments was a variation in gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both cultivars when treated with PGPM and biochar. This suggested improved grain quality, especially regarding the viscoelastic properties of the dough, when the filling period occurred in a dry climate. The results indicate that the application of biofertilisers and biochar may aid the effective management of sustainable wheat cultivation, to support environmental health without altering the biodiversity of the resident microbiome.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial microbial consortia and biochar did not modify the rhizospheric microbial community of wheat in open fields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- commercial microbial consortia and biochare2
- Interactor
- PGPMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizospheric microbial communitye2
- Direction
- did not modifye2
- Setting
- open fieldse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar”
e2“the addition of commercial microbial consortia and biochar, alone or in combination, did not modify the rhizospheric microbial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial PGPM mix increased wheat grain yield, especially in cultivar Svevo, by 6.8 %-13.6 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Svevoe3
- Treatment
- commercial PGPM mixe1
- Interactor
- PGPMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 6.8 %-13.6 %e3
- Setting
- open fieldse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar”
e3“it increased grain yield, especially in the cultivar Svevo (increase of 6.8 %-13.6 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The factors driving the largest variation in wheat were associated with climate and cultivar.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- factors driving the most variationse4
- Setting
- climatee4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar”
e4“even though the factors driving the most variations were associated with both climate and cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Total gluten content of wheat flours was not affected by PGPM and biochar treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PGPM and biochare6
- Outcome
- total gluten content of the flourse5
- Direction
- was not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar”
e5“The total gluten content of the flours was not affected”
e6“the main effect of the treatments was a variation in gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both cultivars when treated with PGPM and biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPM and biochar treatments varied gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PGPM and biochare6
- Interactor
- PGPMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunitse6
- Direction
- variatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar”
e6“the main effect of the treatments was a variation in gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both cultivars when treated with PGPM and biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPM and biochar treatments are suggested to improve wheat grain quality, especially dough viscoelasticity, when grain filling occurred in a dry climate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PGPM and biochare6
- Outcome
- grain qualitye7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Qualifier
- viscoelastic properties of the doughe7
- Setting
- dry climatee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar”
e6“the main effect of the treatments was a variation in gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both cultivars when treated with PGPM and biochar”
e7“This suggested improved grain quality, especially regarding the viscoelastic properties of the dough, when the filling period occurred in a dry climate”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of biofertilisers and biochar may aid effective management of sustainable wheat cultivation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of biofertilisers and biochare0
- Outcome
- effective management of sustainable wheat cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicate that the application of biofertilisers and biochar may aid the effective management of sustainable wheat cultivation”
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