Abstract
In modern agricultural practices, applying biochar to improve soil fertility, plant growth and agricultural output is gaining a great deal of attention. Our current study highlights the preparation of biochar from fruit and vegetable waste and nutshell waste and its application as biofertilizer. The prepared biochar from both resources was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both types of biochar and their mixture were tested in a short-term lab-scale pot experiment at two different rates (0.5%, 1% w/w) in order to evaluate their relative efficacy in soil fertility and wheat yield. Soil parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium were analysed before and after plant growth by standard procedures. At the end of the experiment plant growth and dry biomass was calculated. Analytical characterization of biochar depicts its crystalline nature with the presence of carbon nanotubes and circular pores. Wheat growth effects varied with biochar type, but overall positive growth results were observed for both biochar and their mixture. Results proved that wheat growth and biomass production was highest with maximum concentration of biochar mixture, while the highest microbial count was observed with 1% nutshell biochar. Promising wheat growth and a shift in relative abundance of the microbial community could have resulted from improvement in soil parameters such as highest soil EC of 190 us/cm. Phosphorous and potassium concentrations of 12 mg/kg and 210 mg/kg were observed at 1% mixture of biochar. In 1% fruit and vegetable waste biochar highest TC of 0.459% was observed in soil. Furthermore, the highest TN of 0.0325% was examined at 0.5% mixture of biochar. Our results conclude that the biochar amendment in soil at optimum level improves soil physiochemical properties and enhances soil microflora, which in turn cast a positive influence on soil productivity and crop growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and vegetable waste biochar improved wheat growth.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- biochar from fruit and vegetable wastee1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat growth effects varied with biochar type, but overall positive growth results were observed for both biochar and their mixture.”
e1“biochar from fruit and vegetable waste and nutshell waste”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutshell waste biochar improved wheat growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nutshell wastee1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat growth effects varied with biochar type, but overall positive growth results were observed for both biochar and their mixture.”
e1“biochar from fruit and vegetable waste and nutshell waste”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar mixture improved wheat growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- their mixturee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat growth effects varied with biochar type, but overall positive growth results were observed for both biochar and their mixture.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat growth and biomass were highest with the maximum biochar mixture concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- maximum concentration of biochar mixturee0
- Outcome
- wheat growth and biomass productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat growth and biomass production was highest with maximum concentration of biochar mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial count was highest with 1% nutshell biochar in the wheat pot study.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1% nutshell biochare0
- Outcome
- microbial counte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest microbial count was observed with 1% nutshell biochar”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil electrical conductivity reached 190 us/cm in the wheat biochar experiment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil ECe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 190 us/cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest soil EC of 190 us/cm”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phosphorus was 12 mg/kg with 1% mixed biochar.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1% mixture of biochare0
- Outcome
- Phosphorouse0
- Value
- 12 mg/kge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorous and potassium concentrations of 12 mg/kg and 210 mg/kg were observed at 1% mixture of biochar.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil potassium was 210 mg/kg with 1% mixed biochar.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1% mixture of biochare0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Value
- 210 mg/kge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorous and potassium concentrations of 12 mg/kg and 210 mg/kg were observed at 1% mixture of biochar.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total carbon was highest at 0.459% with 1% fruit and vegetable waste biochar.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1% fruit and vegetable waste biochare0
- Outcome
- TCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.459%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1% fruit and vegetable waste biochar highest TC of 0.459% was observed in soil.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total nitrogen was highest at 0.0325% with 0.5% mixed biochar.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5% mixture of biochare0
- Outcome
- TNe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.0325%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest TN of 0.0325% was examined at 0.5% mixture of biochar.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar had crystalline structure, carbon nanotubes and circular pores.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- crystalline nature with the presence of carbon nanotubes and circular porese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analytical characterization of biochar depicts its crystalline nature with the presence of carbon nanotubes and circular pores.”
t0“Wheat”
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