Abstract
Due to global climate change, crops are certainly confronted with a lot of abiotic and biotic stress factors during their growth that cause a serious threat to their development and overall productivity. Among different abiotic stresses, salt and drought are considered the most devastating stressors with serious impact on crop's yield stability. Here, the current study aimed to elucidate how melatonin works in regulating plant biomass, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, as well as the expression of genes related to salt and drought stress in rice plants. Eight groups of rice plants (3 replicates, 5 plants each) underwent varied treatments: control, melatonin, salt, drought, salt + drought, salt + melatonin, drought + melatonin, and salt + drought + melatonin. Melatonin (100 µM) was alternately applied a week before stress exposure; salt stress received 100 mM NaCl every 3 days for 3 weeks, and drought stress involved 10% PEG. Young leaves were randomly sampled from each group. The results showed that melatonin treatment markedly reduces salt and drought stress damage by promoting root, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, increasing chlorophyll contents, and inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stress markers. Salt and drought stress significantly decreased the water balance, and damaged cell membrane by reducing relative water contents and increasing electrolyte leakage. However, melatonin treated rice plants showed high relative water contents and low electrolyte leakage. Under salt and drought stress conditions, exogenous application of melatonin boosted the expression level of salt and drought stress responsive genes like OsSOS, OsNHX, OsHSF and OsDREB in rice plants. Taken together, our results reveal that melatonin treatment significantly increases salt and drought tolerance of rice plants, by increasing plant biomass, suppressing ROS accumulation, elevating antioxidants defense efficiency, and up-regulating the expression of salt and drought stress responsive genes.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment promoted root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of rice under salt and drought stress
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- root, shoot length, fresh and dry weighte1
- Direction
- promotinge1
- Comparator
- salt and drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e1“melatonin treatment markedly reduces salt and drought stress damage by promoting root, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, increasing chlorophyll contents, and inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stress markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment increased chlorophyll content of rice under salt and drought stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- salt and drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e1“melatonin treatment markedly reduces salt and drought stress damage by promoting root, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, increasing chlorophyll contents, and inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stress markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment inhibited excessive production of oxidative stress markers in rice under salt and drought stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markerse1
- Direction
- inhibitinge1
- Comparator
- salt and drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e1“melatonin treatment markedly reduces salt and drought stress damage by promoting root, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, increasing chlorophyll contents, and inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stress markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and drought stress significantly decreased the water balance of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt and drought stresse2
- Outcome
- water balancee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e2“Salt and drought stress significantly decreased the water balance, and damaged cell membrane by reducing relative water contents and increasing electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and drought stress reduced relative water content of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt and drought stresse2
- Outcome
- relative water contentse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e2“Salt and drought stress significantly decreased the water balance, and damaged cell membrane by reducing relative water contents and increasing electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and drought stress increased electrolyte leakage of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt and drought stresse2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e2“Salt and drought stress significantly decreased the water balance, and damaged cell membrane by reducing relative water contents and increasing electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-treated rice under salt and drought stress had high relative water content
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine3
- Outcome
- relative water contentse3
- Direction
- highe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e3“However, melatonin treated rice plants showed high relative water contents and low electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin-treated rice under salt and drought stress had low electrolyte leakage
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine3
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee3
- Direction
- lowe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e3“However, melatonin treated rice plants showed high relative water contents and low electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin boosted expression of OsSOS and OsNHX under salt and drought stress in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of melatonine4
- Gene
- OsSOS, OsNHXe4
- Outcome
- expression levele4
- Direction
- boostede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e4“Under salt and drought stress conditions, exogenous application of melatonin boosted the expression level of salt and drought stress responsive genes like OsSOS, OsNHX, OsHSF and OsDREB in rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin boosted expression of OsHSF and OsDREB under salt and drought stress in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of melatonine4
- Gene
- OsHSF and OsDREBe4
- Outcome
- expression levele4
- Direction
- boostede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e4“Under salt and drought stress conditions, exogenous application of melatonin boosted the expression level of salt and drought stress responsive genes like OsSOS, OsNHX, OsHSF and OsDREB in rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment significantly increased salt and drought tolerance of rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonin treatmente5
- Outcome
- salt and drought tolerancee5
- Direction
- increasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e5“melatonin treatment significantly increases salt and drought tolerance of rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin suppressed ROS accumulation in rice under salt and drought stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonint0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione6
- Direction
- suppressinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e6“suppressing ROS accumulation, elevating antioxidants defense efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin elevated antioxidant defence efficiency in rice under salt and drought stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonint0
- Outcome
- antioxidants defense efficiencye6
- Direction
- elevatinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice”
e6“suppressing ROS accumulation, elevating antioxidants defense efficiency”
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