Abstract
Soil amelioration in coastal saline areas plays an important role in alleviating land resource shortages, improving regional ecological environments, ensuring food security, and promoting economic development. Plastic mulching (M) and the combination of freezing saline water irrigation and plastic mulching (WIM) are successful amelioration practices that dramatically reduce the salinity of surface soil and facilitate plant growth in coastal saline soil. However, the bacterial responses that are closely related to these amelioration practices in coastal saline soil remain poorly understood. In this study, bacterial richness and diversity, community composition, and potential ecological functions in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of cotton in M and WIM treatments, along with a control treatment, were investigated using high-throughput sequencing in a coastal saline field. The results showed that both the M and WIM treatments increased bacterial richness and alpha diversity, which were in general significantly higher in bulk soil than in rhizosphere soil. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity analysis revealed that the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil was assembled far from those in the control and bulk soils and behaved more specifically in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundances of most of the dominant phyla showed opposite trends of variation in bulk and rhizosphere soils compared to those in control soil in both M and WIM treatments; in particular, the specific bacterial groups of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased in bulk soil but significantly increased in rhizosphere soil. Functional groups of chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, and nitrate reduction were predominant in rhizosphere rather than bulk soil, according to the Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanism of bacterial responses to amelioration practices M and WIM in coastal saline soils and provide valuable information for the development of amelioration techniques based on agricultural practices and soil microbiome to enhance plants’ adaptability to saline soil in the future.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
M and WIM increased bacterial richness.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- M and WIM treatmentse0
- Outcome
- bacterial richnesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“both the M and WIM treatments increased bacterial richness and alpha diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
M and WIM increased bacterial alpha diversity.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M and WIM treatmentse0
- Outcome
- alpha diversitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“both the M and WIM treatments increased bacterial richness and alpha diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial richness and diversity were generally significantly higher in bulk than rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- bacterial richness and alpha diversitye1
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rhizosphere soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“which were in general significantly higher in bulk soil than in rhizosphere soil”
e1“both the M and WIM treatments increased bacterial richness and alpha diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere bacterial communities assembled separately from control and bulk soil communities.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- bacterial community in rhizosphere soil was assembled far from those in the control and bulk soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil was assembled far from those in the control and bulk soils and behaved more specifically in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant phyla generally showed opposite abundance trends in bulk and rhizosphere soils under M and WIM.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M and WIM treatmentse0
- Outcome
- relative abundances of most of the dominant phylae0
- Direction
- opposite trendse0
- Comparator
- control soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“The relative abundances of most of the dominant phyla showed opposite trends of variation in bulk and rhizosphere soils compared to those in control soil in both M and WIM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteobacteria decreased in bulk soil under amelioration.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Proteobacteriae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- bulk soile0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased in bulk soil but significantly increased in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria decreased in bulk soil under amelioration.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Actinobacteriae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- bulk soile0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased in bulk soil but significantly increased in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteobacteria increased significantly in rhizosphere soil under amelioration.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Proteobacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- rhizosphere soile0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased in bulk soil but significantly increased in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria increased significantly in rhizosphere soil under amelioration.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Actinobacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- rhizosphere soile0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased in bulk soil but significantly increased in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy and nitrate reduction were predominant in rhizosphere versus bulk soil.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, and nitrate reductione0
- Direction
- predominante0
- Comparator
- bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton”
e0“Functional groups of chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, and nitrate reduction were predominant in rhizosphere rather than bulk soil”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · ecology: diversity · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
irrigation · ecology: diversity · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.