Abstract
The aim of the study was the evaluation of silicon foliar application on sugar beet yield. In the years 2017–2019, the effect of a single foliar application of various forms of silicon (potassium silicate—PS, calcium silicate—CS, sodium metasilicate—SM, and orthosilicic stabilized acid—OSA) applied in the six-leaf phase of sugar beet, 7 and 14 days later on yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. It was found that the form of silicon does not have a significant effect on the yield of sugar beet roots, and significantly modifies the biological yield of sugar and the pure sugar yield. The highest biological yield of sugar is achieved by the foliar application of PS, and the pure sugar yield by PS and OSA. The date of foliar application as well as the interaction of the date of application and silicon forms do not have a significant effect on the root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yield. The form of silicon has a significant effect on the technological quality of sugar beet roots (sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium content). The most beneficial effect on the sugar content and reduction of sodium content in sugar beet roots is the foliar application of OSA, and the reduction of α-amino nitrogen and potassium content—PS. The timing of the application of various forms of silicon has a significant effect on the sugar and potassium content in sugar beet roots. The most beneficial effect on the sugar content in the roots is the application carried out 7 days after the six-leaf phase of sugar beet, and the potassium content is most limited by the treatment 14 days after reaching this phase. The interaction of the timing of foliar application and the form of silicon significantly modifies the technological quality features of sugar beet roots: the content of sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium. The results of the study proved the significant effect of silicon foliar application on the physiological parameters of plants, such as leaf area index (LAI), absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which are related to yield and sugar beet productivity.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon form did not significantly change sugar beet root yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- form of silicone0
- Outcome
- yield of sugar beet rootse0
- Direction
- does not have a significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the form of silicon does not have a significant effect on the yield of sugar beet roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon form significantly changed biological sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- form of silicone0
- Outcome
- biological yield of sugare0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the form of silicon does not have a significant effect on the yield of sugar beet roots, and significantly modifies the biological yield of sugar”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon form significantly changed pure sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- form of silicone0
- Outcome
- pure sugar yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the form of silicon does not have a significant effect on the yield of sugar beet roots, and significantly modifies the biological yield of sugar and the pure sugar yield”
Claim · model-written summary
PS gave the highest biological sugar yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- foliar application of PSe0
- Outcome
- biological yield of sugare0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest biological yield of sugar is achieved by the foliar application of PS”
e1“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
PS and OSA gave the highest pure sugar yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- PS and OSAe0
- Outcome
- pure sugar yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pure sugar yield by PS and OSA”
e1“The highest biological yield of sugar is achieved by the foliar application of PS”
e2“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Application date did not significantly affect root yield, biological sugar yield, or pure sugar yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- date of foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yielde0
- Direction
- do not have a significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The date of foliar application as well as the interaction of the date of application and silicon forms do not have a significant effect on the root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yield.”
e1“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The date by silicon form interaction did not significantly affect the three yield measures.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- interaction of the date of application and silicon formse0
- Outcome
- root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yielde0
- Direction
- do not have a significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction of the date of application and silicon forms do not have a significant effect on the root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yield”
e1“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon form significantly affected sugar and α-amino nitrogen content in roots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- form of silicone0
- Outcome
- sugar, α-amino nitrogene0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The form of silicon has a significant effect on the technological quality of sugar beet roots (sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium content).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon form significantly affected potassium and sodium content in roots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- form of silicone0
- Outcome
- potassium, and sodium contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The form of silicon has a significant effect on the technological quality of sugar beet roots (sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium content).”
Claim · model-written summary
OSA had the most beneficial effect on root sugar content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- foliar application of OSAe0
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- most beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most beneficial effect on the sugar content and reduction of sodium content in sugar beet roots is the foliar application of OSA”
Claim · model-written summary
OSA reduced sodium content in beet roots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- foliar application of OSAe0
- Outcome
- sodium contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of sodium content in sugar beet roots is the foliar application of OSA”
Claim · model-written summary
PS reduced α-amino nitrogen content in beet roots.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- PSe0
- Outcome
- α-amino nitrogene0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of α-amino nitrogen and potassium content—PS”
e1“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
PS reduced potassium content in beet roots.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- PSe0
- Outcome
- potassium contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of α-amino nitrogen and potassium content—PS”
e1“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Application timing significantly affected sugar and potassium content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- timing of the application of various forms of silicone0
- Outcome
- sugar and potassium contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The timing of the application of various forms of silicon has a significant effect on the sugar and potassium content in sugar beet roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Application seven days after the six-leaf phase gave the best root sugar content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- application carried out 7 days after the six-leaf phasee0
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- most beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most beneficial effect on the sugar content in the roots is the application carried out 7 days after the six-leaf phase of sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Application 14 days after the six-leaf phase most limited root potassium content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- treatment 14 days after reaching this phasee0
- Outcome
- potassium contente0
- Direction
- most limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the potassium content is most limited by the treatment 14 days after reaching this phase”
e1“Sugar Beet Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Timing by silicon form interaction significantly changed root sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- interaction of the timing of foliar application and the form of silicone0
- Outcome
- content of sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodiume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of the timing of foliar application and the form of silicon significantly modifies the technological quality features of sugar beet roots: the content of sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon application significantly affected leaf area index, PAR absorption, and NDVI.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- silicon foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI), absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of the study proved the significant effect of silicon foliar application on the physiological parameters of plants, such as leaf area index (LAI), absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)”
e1“sugar beet productivity”
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