Abstract
L.) seedlings were treated with individual and combined salinity and lithium (Li) stress, with and without acetic acid (AA) or nitric acid (NO), to investigate their possible roles against these stresses. Salinity intensified Li-induced damage, and the principal component analysis revealed that this was primarily driven by increased oxidative stress, deregulation of sodium and potassium accumulation, and an imbalance in tissue water content. However, pretreatment with AA and NO prompted growth, re-established sodium and potassium homeostasis, and enhanced the defense system against oxidative and nitrosative damage by triggering the antioxidant capacity. Combined stress negatively impacted phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, affecting flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanin levels, which were then restored in canola plants primed with AA and NO. Additionally, AA and NO helped to maintain osmotic balance by increasing trehalose and proline levels and upregulating signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, γ-aminobutyric acid, and salicylic acid. Both AA and NO improved Li detoxification by increasing phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and reducing glutathione contents. Comparatively, AA exerted more effective protection against the detrimental effects of combined stress than NO. Our findings offer novel perspectives on the impacts of combining salt and Li stress.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity intensified lithium-induced damage.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Li-induced damagee0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Salinity intensified Li-induced damage”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress increased oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased oxidative stress, deregulation of sodium and potassium accumulation, and an imbalance in tissue water content”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress deregulated sodium and potassium accumulation.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Outcome
- sodium and potassium accumulatione0
- Direction
- deregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deregulation of sodium and potassium accumulation”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress imbalanced tissue water content.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Outcome
- tissue water contente0
- Direction
- imbalancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an imbalance in tissue water content”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO pretreatment promoted growth under stress.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with AA and NO prompted growth”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO pretreatment restored sodium and potassium homeostasis.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- sodium and potassium homeostasise0
- Direction
- re-establishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with AA and NO prompted growth, re-established sodium and potassium homeostasis”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO enhanced oxidative and nitrosative defenses by triggering antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Outcome
- defense system against oxidative and nitrosative damagee0
- Qualifier
- triggering the antioxidant capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the defense system against oxidative and nitrosative damage by triggering the antioxidant capacity”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress negatively affected phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- Combined stresse0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyasee0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase activitye0
- Direction
- negatively impactede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined stress negatively impacted phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO restored flavonoid, carotenoid and anthocyanin levels.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanin levelse0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“affecting flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanin levels, which were then restored in canola plants primed with AA and NO”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO raised trehalose and proline levels.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- trehalose and proline levelse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AA and NO helped to maintain osmotic balance by increasing trehalose and proline levels”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO increased hydrogen sulfide, γ-aminobutyric acid and salicylic acid signaling molecules.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- hydrogen sulfide, γ-aminobutyric acid, and salicylic acide0
- Direction
- upregulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AA and NO helped to maintain osmotic balance by increasing trehalose and proline levels and upregulating signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, γ-aminobutyric acid, and salicylic acid”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO increased phytochelatins and metallothioneins.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- phytochelatins and metallothioneinse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both AA and NO improved Li detoxification by increasing phytochelatins and metallothioneins”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA and NO reduced glutathione content.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AA and NOe0
- Outcome
- glutathione contentse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both AA and NO improved Li detoxification by increasing phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and reducing glutathione contents”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AA protected against combined stress more effectively than NO.
- Taxon
- Canola (Brassica napus L.)Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- AAe0
- Outcome
- protection against the detrimental effects of combined stresse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- NOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AA exerted more effective protection against the detrimental effects of combined stress than NO”
t0“Canola (Brassica napus L.)”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · physiology: hormones · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
nitric oxide · molecular: metabolites · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
acetic acid · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nitric oxide · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · pest · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.