Abstract
We examined the combined effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) on the responses of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) plants to salt stress under acclimated and non-acclimated conditions. The results of the shoot and root dry weight traits together with the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that salt acclimation with a low concentration of NaCl (50 mM) could not alleviate the inhibitory effect of high salinity (200 mM NaCl). Under acclimated conditions, seed priming with H2O2 or NO resulted in effective protection against salt stress, however, maximum amelioration of salt stress was found by the combined treatments of H2O2 + NO. Interestingly, in the salt-exposed non-acclimated plants, only seed priming with H2O2 + NO was effective in improving salt tolerance. Pretreatment with H2O2 + NO tended to limit Na translocation into photosynthetic organs to prevent salt damages. Additionally, a large increase in salicylic acid contentwas correlated with phenylalanine ammonia lyase activation and flavonoid biosynthesis was observed when oilseed rape plants exposed to salinity in the presence of H2O2+NO. Interestingly, in this study, endogenous NO content of H2O2–primed plants exhibited a significant increase under non-saline conditions, indicating that H2O2 influences NO accumulation. In addition, oilseed rape plants primed with H2O2 + NO exhibited lower MDA and H2O2 content, contributing to the better induction of antioxidative enzyme activities. Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities maintained the integrity of cell membranes, resulting in better plant growth under salt stress. Taken together, our results revealed that oilseed rape plants pretreated with H2O2 + NO exhibited more effective tolerance to salt stress than plants that were pretreated with H2O2 or NO alone.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salt acclimation at 50 mM NaCl did not alleviate damage from 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- salt acclimation with a low concentration of NaCl (50 mM)e0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect of high salinitye0
- Direction
- could not alleviatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salt acclimation with a low concentration of NaCl (50 mM) could not alleviate the inhibitory effect of high salinity (200 mM NaCl)”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 seed priming protected acclimated plants from salt stress.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- seed priming with H2O2e0
- Outcome
- protection against salt stresse0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under acclimated conditions, seed priming with H2O2 or NO resulted in effective protection against salt stress”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
NO seed priming protected acclimated plants from salt stress.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- protection against salt stresse0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under acclimated conditions, seed priming with H2O2 or NO resulted in effective protection against salt stress”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined H2O2 and NO gave the maximum amelioration of salt stress in acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- combined treatments of H2O2 + NOe0
- Outcome
- amelioration of salt stresse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum amelioration of salt stress was found by the combined treatments of H2O2 + NO”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Only combined H2O2 and NO priming improved salt tolerance in non-acclimated plants.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- seed priming with H2O2 + NOe0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the salt-exposed non-acclimated plants, only seed priming with H2O2 + NO was effective in improving salt tolerance”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined pretreatment tended to limit sodium movement into photosynthetic organs.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- photosynthetic organse0
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with H2O2 + NOe0
- Outcome
- Na translocation into photosynthetic organse0
- Direction
- limite0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with H2O2 + NO tended to limit Na translocation into photosynthetic organs”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid content increased with combined priming under salinity.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- H2O2+NOe0
- Compound
- phenylalanine ammonia lyasee0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a large increase in salicylic acid contentwas correlated with phenylalanine ammonia lyase activation and flavonoid biosynthesis was observed when oilseed rape plants exposed to salinity in the presence of H2O2+NO”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increase correlated with phenylalanine ammonia lyase activation.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyasee0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a large increase in salicylic acid contentwas correlated with phenylalanine ammonia lyase activation”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming under salinity increased flavonoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- H2O2+NOe0
- Outcome
- flavonoid biosynthesise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid biosynthesis was observed when oilseed rape plants exposed to salinity in the presence of H2O2+NO”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 priming significantly raised endogenous NO under non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- H2O2–primede0
- Outcome
- endogenous NO contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- non-saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endogenous NO content of H2O2–primed plants exhibited a significant increase under non-saline conditions”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming lowered MDA and H2O2 content.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- primed with H2O2 + NOe0
- Outcome
- MDA and H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oilseed rape plants primed with H2O2 + NO exhibited lower MDA and H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- better inductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contributing to the better induction of antioxidative enzyme activities”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher antioxidant enzyme activity maintained membrane integrity and better growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Gene
- antioxidant enzymee0
- Outcome
- integrity of cell membranese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities maintained the integrity of cell membranes, resulting in better plant growth under salt stress”
t0“oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined priming gave more effective salt tolerance than either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- pretreated with H2O2 + NOe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to salt stresse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- plants that were pretreated with H2O2 or NO alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oilseed rape plants pretreated with H2O2 + NO exhibited more effective tolerance to salt stress than plants that were pretreated with H2O2 or NO alone”
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hydrogen peroxide · disease · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
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nitric oxide · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
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hydrogen peroxide · molecular: metabolites · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
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nitric oxide · physiology: oxidative · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
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hydrogen peroxide · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.