Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute during the winter (rabi) season of 2018–19 and 2019–20 involving 6 tillage and residue practices, viz. T1 , zero-till (ZT) direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) (ZTDSR)–zero-till wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend Fiori & Paol] (ZTW); T2 , ZTDSR + wheat residue (WR)–ZTW + rice residue (RR); T3 , ZTDSR + WR + brown manuring (BM) – ZTW+RR; T4 , ZTDSR–ZTW– ZT mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] (ZTMB); T5, ZTDSR + mungbean residue (MBR) – ZTW + RR – ZTMB+WR; T6 , puddled transplanted rice (PTR)–conventional till wheat (CTW) in main plot; and 4 weed-control treatments, i.e. W1 , un-weeded control; W2 , Total (ready mix of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl) 0.040 kg/ha at 30 day after sowing (DAS); W3 , tank-mixture of clodinafop-propargyl 0.060 kg/ha + metsulfuron-methyl 0.004 kg/ha at 30 DAS; W4 , tank-mixture of clodinafop-propargyl 0.060 kg/ha + carfentrazone-ethyl 0.02 kg/ha at 30 DAS in sub-plot under a split-plot design and replicated thrice. Treatment T6 resulted in significantly higher population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.), yellow sweet clover [Melilotus indica (L.) All.] and swine cress [Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith] than other treatments, whereas, population and dry weight of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), sour dock (Rumex dentatus L.) and annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) were significantly higher under T1 and T4 treatments. The treatment T5 registered ~62, 44, 35, 31 and 24% lower population of P. minor than T6 , T1 , T4 , T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. Similarly, total weed population and total weed dry weight were ~38 and 33% lower under T5 compared with T6 treatment respectively. Better wheat growth and lower weed interference under T5 treatment led to 14.6% higher wheat grain yield under this treatment than T6 . The tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron significantly reduced the population and dry weight of all weeds compared to UWC and it led to 88.9% weed-control efficiency (WCE) and 89.4% weed-control index (WCI) in wheat. Therefore, growing of wheat under zero-till triple cropping system with rice, wheat and mungbean residues (T5 ) combined with tank-mix application of clodinafop + metsulfuron at 30 DAS may be recommended for better weed management, and higher productivity and profitability from wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India and in similar agro-ecologies of the tropics/ sub-tropics.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
T6 increased littleseed canarygrass population and dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Treatment T6e0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor Retz.
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Treatment T6 resulted in significantly higher population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.), yellow sweet clover [Melilotus indica (L.) All.] and swine cress [Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith] than other treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 increased yellow sweet clover population and dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Treatment T6e0
- Interactor
- Melilotus indica (L.) All.
Melilotus indicuse0weed - Outcome
- population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment T6 resulted in significantly higher population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.), yellow sweet clover [Melilotus indica (L.) All.] and swine cress [Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith] than other treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 increased swine cress population and dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Treatment T6e0
- Interactor
- Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith
Lepidium didymume0weed - Outcome
- population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment T6 resulted in significantly higher population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.), yellow sweet clover [Melilotus indica (L.) All.] and swine cress [Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith] than other treatments”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 and T4 had higher common lambsquarter, sour dock and sowthistle population and dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Chenopodium album L.
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- population and dry weight of common lambsquartere0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population and dry weight of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), sour dock (Rumex dentatus L.) and annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) were significantly higher under T1 and T4 treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 reduced P. minor population by about 62%, 44%, 35%, 31% and 24% versus T6, T1, T4, T2 and T3, respectively.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T5e0
- Interactor
- P. minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- population of P. minore0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ~62, 44, 35, 31 and 24%e0
- Comparator
- T6 , T1 , T4 , T2 and T3 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment T5 registered ~62, 44, 35, 31 and 24% lower population of P. minor than T6 , T1 , T4 , T2 and T3 treatments, respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed population was about 38% lower under T5 than T6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T5e0
- Outcome
- total weed populatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ~38e0
- Comparator
- T6 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total weed population and total weed dry weight were ~38 and 33% lower under T5 compared with T6 treatment respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed dry weight was about 33% lower under T5 than T6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T5e0
- Outcome
- total weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- T6 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total weed population and total weed dry weight were ~38 and 33% lower under T5 compared with T6 treatment respectively.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 raised wheat grain yield by 14.6% versus T6.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- T5 treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.6%e0
- Comparator
- T6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Better wheat growth and lower weed interference under T5 treatment led to 14.6% higher wheat grain yield under this treatment than T6 .”
Claim · model-written summary
The clodinafop-propargyl and metsulfuron mixture significantly reduced weed population and dry weight versus unweeded control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfurone0
- Outcome
- population and dry weight of all weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- UWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron significantly reduced the population and dry weight of all weeds compared to UWC”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide mixture achieved 88.9% weed-control efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfurone1
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Value
- 88.9%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it led to 88.9% weed-control efficiency (WCE) and 89.4% weed-control index (WCI) in wheat.”
e1“tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide mixture achieved 89.4% weed-control index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfurone1
- Outcome
- weed-control indexe0
- Value
- 89.4%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it led to 88.9% weed-control efficiency (WCE) and 89.4% weed-control index (WCI) in wheat.”
e1“tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend T5 with clodinafop plus metsulfuron at 30 DAS for wheat weed management, productivity and profitability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero-till triple cropping system with rice, wheat and mungbean residues (T5 ) combined with tank-mix application of clodinafop + metsulfuron at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- better weed management, and higher productivity and profitabilitye0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing of wheat under zero-till triple cropping system with rice, wheat and mungbean residues (T5 ) combined with tank-mix application of clodinafop + metsulfuron at 30 DAS may be recommended for better weed management, and higher productivity and profitability from wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India and in similar agro-ecologies of the tropics/ sub-tropics.”
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See all 134 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.