Abstract
Delay in sowing and low precipitation (<300mm annual) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farming is the major problem in the irrigated and rainfall lands of Iran. A factorial experiment for evaluating the effects of seed priming on wheat cultivars was carried out under laboratory, greenhouse and at two field conditions during seasons of 2008-2010. Arrangement of treatments were Zarrin, Shariar, Sardary and Azar cultivars as A factor, and priming treatments including distilled water (DW), osmotic solutions (10% PEG, 2.5% KCl, 4% MN, 10% Urea, 5% NaCl W/V) and plant growth inducers (20 ppm IAA, 1000 ppm CCC) with non-primed seed as a control established B factor. During the second year of field experiment two separate treatments were done under drought stress and well watered conditions. Drought stress was withheld by irrigation at booting stage of plants. Maximum amount of absorbed water was determined in cultivar Shariar, 15.5 g DW. Seed weight of all cultivars increased the most when primed with CCC and IAA. Irrespective of the cultivar seedlings related traits revealed that treatment with CCC increased plumule and radical dry weights (11.5 and 8.0 mg) and their lengths (17.2 and 17.8 cm). In opposite, urea pretreatment had negative effects on seedlings growth. All priming treatments increased grain yield and its components, chlorophyll content and nitrogen absorbed under field and green house conditions in four cultivars in comparison to control. Plants arising from seeds primed with potassium chloride under drought stress had the lowest percentage of variation for traits such as relative water content (-9.3%), total dry matter (-10.7%) and grain yield (-4.0%) in comparison with well watered plants. Potassium chloride improved drought tolerance at all wheat cultivars. There were significant correlations between grain yield at primed with KCl and following wheat traits: number of spikes per square meter (0.91**), number of grains per spike (0.92**) and total dry matter (0.79*). Therefore, it seems that these traits could be used as indirect criteria for selection of high grain yield of cultivars for primed seed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Shariar absorbed a maximum of 15.5 g DW water.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Shariare0
- Outcome
- absorbed watere0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 15.5 g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum amount of absorbed water was determined in cultivar Shariar, 15.5 g DW.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC priming increased seed weight the most.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- Seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed weight of all cultivars increased the most when primed with CCC and IAA.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA priming increased seed weight the most.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- Seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed weight of all cultivars increased the most when primed with CCC and IAA.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased seedling dry weights to 11.5.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the cultivar seedlings related traits revealed that treatment with CCC increased plumule and radical dry weights (11.5 and 8.0 mg) and their lengths (17.2 and 17.8 cm).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased seedling radical dry weights to 8.0 mg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- radical dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.0 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the cultivar seedlings related traits revealed that treatment with CCC increased plumule and radical dry weights (11.5 and 8.0 mg) and their lengths (17.2 and 17.8 cm).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased seedling their lengths to 17.2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the cultivar seedlings related traits revealed that treatment with CCC increased plumule and radical dry weights (11.5 and 8.0 mg) and their lengths (17.2 and 17.8 cm).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased seedling their lengths to 17.8 cm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the cultivar seedlings related traits revealed that treatment with CCC increased plumule and radical dry weights (11.5 and 8.0 mg) and their lengths (17.2 and 17.8 cm).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea pretreatment negatively affected seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- urea pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- seedlings growthe0
- Direction
- negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In opposite, urea pretreatment had negative effects on seedlings growth.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased grain yield compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- field and green house conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments increased grain yield and its components, chlorophyll content and nitrogen absorbed under field and green house conditions in four cultivars in comparison to control.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased its components compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- its componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- field and green house conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments increased grain yield and its components, chlorophyll content and nitrogen absorbed under field and green house conditions in four cultivars in comparison to control.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased chlorophyll content compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- field and green house conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments increased grain yield and its components, chlorophyll content and nitrogen absorbed under field and green house conditions in four cultivars in comparison to control.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased nitrogen absorbed compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen absorbede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- field and green house conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All priming treatments increased grain yield and its components, chlorophyll content and nitrogen absorbed under field and green house conditions in four cultivars in comparison to control.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, potassium chloride primed plants had the lowest variation in relative water content versus watered plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- potassium chloride under drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- -9.3%e0
- Comparator
- well watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants arising from seeds primed with potassium chloride under drought stress had the lowest percentage of variation for traits such as relative water content (-9.3%), total dry matter (-10.7%) and grain yield (-4.0%) in comparison with well watered plants.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, potassium chloride primed plants had the lowest variation in total dry matter versus watered plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- potassium chloride under drought stresse0
- Outcome
- total dry mattere0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- -10.7%e0
- Comparator
- well watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants arising from seeds primed with potassium chloride under drought stress had the lowest percentage of variation for traits such as relative water content (-9.3%), total dry matter (-10.7%) and grain yield (-4.0%) in comparison with well watered plants.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, potassium chloride primed plants had the lowest variation in grain yield versus watered plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- potassium chloride under drought stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- -4.0%e0
- Comparator
- well watered plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants arising from seeds primed with potassium chloride under drought stress had the lowest percentage of variation for traits such as relative water content (-9.3%), total dry matter (-10.7%) and grain yield (-4.0%) in comparison with well watered plants.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium chloride improved drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Potassium chloridee0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium chloride improved drought tolerance at all wheat cultivars.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield after KCl priming correlated with number of spikes per square meter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- KCle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 0.91**e0
- Qualifier
- number of spikes per square metere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant correlations between grain yield at primed with KCl and following wheat traits: number of spikes per square meter (0.91**), number of grains per spike (0.92**) and total dry matter (0.79*).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield after KCl priming correlated with number of grains per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- KCle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 0.92**e0
- Qualifier
- number of grains per spikee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant correlations between grain yield at primed with KCl and following wheat traits: number of spikes per square meter (0.91**), number of grains per spike (0.92**) and total dry matter (0.79*).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield after KCl priming correlated with total dry matter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- KCle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 0.79*e0
- Qualifier
- total dry mattere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant correlations between grain yield at primed with KCl and following wheat traits: number of spikes per square meter (0.91**), number of grains per spike (0.92**) and total dry matter (0.79*).”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose these correlated traits as indirect criteria for selecting high grain yield in primed cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- indirect criteria for selection of high grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, it seems that these traits could be used as indirect criteria for selection of high grain yield of cultivars for primed seed.”
t0“wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →potassium chloride · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →chlormequat chloride · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →chlormequat chloride · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
67 papers more in this group
See all 71 papers →potassium chloride · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
potassium chloride · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →potassium chloride · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
seed treatment · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.