Abstract
The increasing CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in the atmosphere decreases mineral nutrients concentration in crops, whereas it increases water use efficiency (WUE). Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) could not only increase WUE but also improve plant nutrient status. Yet the effect of PRI combined with elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) on the element stoichiometry of tomato leaves remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the responses of leaf mineral nutrients status and element stoichiometric ratios in tomatoes to PRI combined with e[CO2]. Tomato plants (cv. Ailsa Craig) were grown in pots in climate-controlled growth chambers with ambient [CO2] (a[CO2], 400ppm) and elevated [CO2] (e[CO2], 800ppm), respectively. Three irrigation regimes, i.e., full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and PRI, were applied to tomato plants at the flowering stage. The results showed that plants grown under DI and PRI had a similar biomass, enhanced root growth including greater root to shoot ratio, root length, surface area, volume and specific length, and an improved WUE in comparison with FI under e[CO2]. Additionally, under e[CO2], PRI showed an increase in leaf [C](+1.5%) and [N] (+9.3%), no decrease in leaf [K], [Ca], [Mg], [S] and [15N], but a decrease in leaf C/N (−6.6%) as compared with FI. Conclusively, PRI had the ability to improve leaf N concentration, maintain most leaf mineral nutrient concentrations, and optimize or maintain leaf element stoichiometric ratios under e[CO2]. Therefore, PRI would be a practicable mode of irrigation for optimizing WUE and nutrient status in tomato leaves in a future freshwater-limited and higher-CO2 environment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
DI and PRI produced similar biomass under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- DI and PRIe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown under DI and PRI had a similar biomass”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
DI and PRI enhanced root growth traits versus full irrigation under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- DI and PRIe1
- Outcome
- root to shoot ratio, root length, surface areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- under e[CO2]e0
- Comparator
- FIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced root growth including greater root to shoot ratio, root length, surface area, volume and specific length, and an improved WUE in comparison with FI under e[CO2].”
t0“Tomato”
e1“DI and PRI”
Claim · model-written summary
DI and PRI improved water use efficiency versus full irrigation under elevated CO2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced root growth including greater root to shoot ratio, root length, surface area, volume and specific length, and an improved WUE in comparison with FI under e[CO2].”
t0“Tomato”
e1“DI and PRI”
Claim · model-written summary
PRI increased leaf carbon concentration by 1.5% versus full irrigation under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PRIe0
- Outcome
- leaf [C]e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +1.5%e0
- Comparator
- FIe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under e[CO2], PRI showed an increase in leaf [C](+1.5%) and [N] (+9.3%)”
t0“Tomato”
e2“as compared with FI.”
Claim · model-written summary
PRI increased leaf nitrogen concentration by 9.3% versus full irrigation under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PRIe0
- Outcome
- [N]e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +9.3%e0
- Comparator
- FIe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under e[CO2], PRI showed an increase in leaf [C](+1.5%) and [N] (+9.3%)”
t0“Tomato”
e2“as compared with FI.”
Claim · model-written summary
PRI did not decrease leaf K, Ca, and Mg under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PRIe1
- Outcome
- leaf [K], [Ca], [Mg]e0
- Direction
- no decreasee0
- Comparator
- FIe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no decrease in leaf [K], [Ca], [Mg], [S] and [15N]”
t0“Tomato”
e1“PRI showed an increase”
e2“as compared with FI.”
Claim · model-written summary
PRI did not decrease leaf S or 15N under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PRIe1
- Outcome
- [S] and [15N]e0
- Direction
- no decreasee0
- Comparator
- FIe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no decrease in leaf [K], [Ca], [Mg], [S] and [15N]”
t0“Tomato”
e1“PRI showed an increase”
e2“as compared with FI.”
Claim · model-written summary
PRI decreased leaf C/N by 6.6% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PRIe1
- Outcome
- leaf C/Ne0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- −6.6%e0
- Comparator
- FIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in leaf C/N (−6.6%) as compared with FI.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“PRI showed an increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend PRI to optimize WUE and nutrient status in tomato leaves under future water limitation and elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- optimizing WUE and nutrient statuse0
- Qualifier
- future freshwater-limited and higher-CO2 environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRI would be a practicable mode of irrigation for optimizing WUE and nutrient status in tomato leaves in a future freshwater-limited and higher-CO2 environment.”
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