Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to test the response of certain components in tomato plants against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and to understand the impact of the infection on the content of some mineral elements (calcium, potassium, and phosphorus), vitamin C, carbohydrates, and enzymes (peroxidases and catalases), as well as the amino acid proline in tomato fruits for ten tomato cultivars. The study was conducted in the Plant Viruses Laboratory and plastic greenhouses, Plant Protection Department at the College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, during the growing season 2022-2023. The results of sensitivity testing for the ten cultivars used in the study showed that sensitivity varies among different cultivars. Some cultivars, namely Madena, Zenga, and Joleen, demonstrated lower sensitivity (44.44%, 46.66%, and 50% respectively) compared to certain cultivars classified as highly sensitive to CMV, such as Heba and Bayan, with sensitivity values of 88.88% and 100% respectively. The results showed that viral infection had a clear effect on reducing the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the cultivars infected with CMV. The Basmah and Heba cultivars were the most affected, with levels reaching 28.10 mmol.L -1 and 1.92 mmol.L -1 , respectively. These levels were significantly different from their levels in non-infected plants, which were 44.30 mmol.L -1 and 3.22 mmol.L -1 , respectively. Furthermore, viral infection also had a significant impact on reducing the levels of carbohydrates and vitamin C, with rates of 27.03% and 6.62 mg g -1 FW (fresh weight), respectively. On the other hand, the levels of potassium, peroxidases, catalases, and the amino acid proline increased in the cultivars infected with CMV, reaching levels of 79.93 ppm, 11.53 U.mL -1 , 1.47 U.mL -1 , and 62.4 μg ml -1 , respectively. These levels were significantly different from those in non-infected plants, which were 45.57 ppm, 4.49 U.ml -1 , 0.63 U.ml -1 , and 28.6 μg ml -1 , respectively.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Madena had 44.44% CMV sensitivity.
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Madena, Zenga, and Joleen, demonstrated lower sensitivity (44.44%, 46.66%, and 50% respectively)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Zenga had 46.66% CMV sensitivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Madena, Zenga, and Joleen, demonstrated lower sensitivity (44.44%, 46.66%, and 50% respectively)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Joleen had 50% CMV sensitivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Madena, Zenga, and Joleen, demonstrated lower sensitivity (44.44%, 46.66%, and 50% respectively)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heba had 88.88% sensitivity to CMV.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Hebae0
- Outcome
- sensitivity valuese0
- Value
- 88.88%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heba and Bayan, with sensitivity values of 88.88% and 100% respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bayan had 100% sensitivity to CMV.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Bayane0
- Outcome
- sensitivity valuese0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heba and Bayan, with sensitivity values of 88.88% and 100% respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV infection reduced calcium in Basmah to 28.10 mmol.L -1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Basmahe1
- Treatment
- viral infectione0
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 28.10 mmol.L -1e1
- Qualifier
- 44.30 mmol.L -1e2
- Comparator
- non-infected plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“viral infection had a clear effect on reducing the levels of calcium and phosphorus”
e1“The Basmah and Heba cultivars were the most affected, with levels reaching 28.10 mmol.L -1 and 1.92 mmol.L -1 , respectively.”
e2“non-infected plants, which were 44.30 mmol.L -1 and 3.22 mmol.L -1”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV infection reduced phosphorus in Heba to 1.92 mmol.L -1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Hebae1
- Treatment
- viral infectione0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 1.92 mmol.L -1e1
- Qualifier
- 3.22 mmol.L -1e2
- Comparator
- non-infected plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“viral infection had a clear effect on reducing the levels of calcium and phosphorus”
e1“The Basmah and Heba cultivars were the most affected, with levels reaching 28.10 mmol.L -1 and 1.92 mmol.L -1 , respectively.”
e2“non-infected plants, which were 44.30 mmol.L -1 and 3.22 mmol.L -1”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection significantly reduced carbohydrates to 27.03%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- viral infectione0
- Outcome
- carbohydratese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 27.03%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“viral infection also had a significant impact on reducing the levels of carbohydrates and vitamin C, with rates of 27.03% and 6.62 mg g -1 FW (fresh weight), respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection significantly reduced vitamin C to 6.62 mg g -1 FW.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- viral infectione0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 6.62 mg g -1 FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“viral infection also had a significant impact on reducing the levels of carbohydrates and vitamin C, with rates of 27.03% and 6.62 mg g -1 FW (fresh weight), respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected cultivars had increased potassium at 79.93 ppm versus 45.57 ppm in non-infected plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infected with CMVe0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 79.93 ppme0
- Qualifier
- 45.57 ppme1
- Comparator
- non-infected plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of potassium, peroxidases, catalases, and the amino acid proline increased in the cultivars infected with CMV, reaching levels of 79.93 ppm, 11.53 U.mL -1 , 1.47 U.mL -1 , and 62.4 μg ml -1 , respectively.”
e1“non-infected plants, which were 45.57 ppm, 4.49 U.ml -1 , 0.63 U.ml -1 , and 28.6 μg ml -1”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected cultivars had increased peroxidases at 11.53 U.mL -1 versus 4.49 U.ml -1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infected with CMVe0
- Outcome
- peroxidasese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.53 U.mL -1e0
- Qualifier
- 4.49 U.ml -1e1
- Comparator
- non-infected plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of potassium, peroxidases, catalases, and the amino acid proline increased in the cultivars infected with CMV, reaching levels of 79.93 ppm, 11.53 U.mL -1 , 1.47 U.mL -1 , and 62.4 μg ml -1 , respectively.”
e1“non-infected plants, which were 45.57 ppm, 4.49 U.ml -1 , 0.63 U.ml -1 , and 28.6 μg ml -1”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected cultivars had increased catalases at 1.47 U.mL -1 versus 0.63 U.ml -1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infected with CMVe0
- Outcome
- catalasese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.47 U.mL -1e0
- Qualifier
- 0.63 U.ml -1e1
- Comparator
- non-infected plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of potassium, peroxidases, catalases, and the amino acid proline increased in the cultivars infected with CMV, reaching levels of 79.93 ppm, 11.53 U.mL -1 , 1.47 U.mL -1 , and 62.4 μg ml -1 , respectively.”
e1“non-infected plants, which were 45.57 ppm, 4.49 U.ml -1 , 0.63 U.ml -1 , and 28.6 μg ml -1”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected cultivars had increased proline at 62.4 μg ml -1 versus 28.6 μg ml -1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infected with CMVe0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 62.4 μg ml -1e0
- Qualifier
- 28.6 μg ml -1e1
- Comparator
- non-infected plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of potassium, peroxidases, catalases, and the amino acid proline increased in the cultivars infected with CMV, reaching levels of 79.93 ppm, 11.53 U.mL -1 , 1.47 U.mL -1 , and 62.4 μg ml -1 , respectively.”
e1“non-infected plants, which were 45.57 ppm, 4.49 U.ml -1 , 0.63 U.ml -1 , and 28.6 μg ml -1”
t0“Tomato”
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