Abstract
Soil salinization is a global environmental issue and a significant abiotic stress that threatens crop production. Root-associated rhizosphere microbiota play a pivotal role in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, limited information is available concerning the specific variations in rhizosphere microbiota driven by different plant genotypes (varieties) in response to varying levels of salinity stress. In this study, we compared the growth performance of three alfalfa varieties with varying salt tolerance levels in soils with different degrees of salinization. High-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing were employed to analyze the rhizosphere microbial communities. Undoubtedly, the increasing salinity significantly inhibited alfalfa growth and reduced rhizosphere microbial diversity. However, intriguingly, salt-tolerant varieties exhibited relatively lower susceptibility to salinity, maintaining more stable rhizosphere bacterial community structure, whereas the reverse was observed for salt-sensitive varieties. Bacillus emerged as the dominant species in alfalfa's adaptation to salinity stress, constituting 21.20% of the shared bacterial genera among the three varieties. The higher abundance of Bacillus , Ensifer , and Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties is crucial in determining their elevated salt tolerance. As salinity levels increased, salt-sensitive varieties gradually accumulated a substantial population of pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia . Furthermore, rhizosphere bacteria of salt-tolerant varieties exhibited increased activity in various metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. It is suggested that salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties can provide more carbon sources to the rhizosphere, enriching more effective plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Pseudomonas to mitigate salinity stress. In conclusion, our results highlight the variety-mediated enrichment of rhizosphere microbiota in response to salinity stress, confirming that the high-abundance enrichment of specific dominant rhizosphere microbes and their vital roles play a significant role in conferring high salt adaptability to these varieties.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly inhibited alfalfa growth.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- alfalfa growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing salinity significantly inhibited alfalfa growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly reduced rhizosphere microbial diversity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbial diversitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing salinity significantly inhibited alfalfa growth and reduced rhizosphere microbial diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties were less susceptible to salinity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- salt-tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to salinitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa growth and reduced rhizosphere microbial diversity. However, intriguingly, salt-tolerant varieties exhibited relatively lower susceptibility to salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant varieties maintained a more stable rhizosphere bacterial community structure.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- salt-tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere bacterial community structuree0
- Direction
- more stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa growth and reduced rhizosphere microbial diversity. However, intriguingly, salt-tolerant varieties exhibited relatively lower susceptibility to salinity, maintaining more stable rhizosphere bacterial community structure”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive varieties showed the reverse community response.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“whereas the reverse was observed for salt-sensitive varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus constituted 21.20% of shared bacterial genera across the three alfalfa varieties.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- shared bacterial generae0
- Value
- 21.20%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus emerged as the dominant species in alfalfa's adaptation to salinity stress, constituting 21.20% of the shared bacterial genera among the three varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Bacillus abundance in tolerant alfalfa rhizospheres was linked to elevated salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- elevated salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher abundance of Bacillus , Ensifer , and Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties is crucial in determining their elevated salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Ensifer abundance in tolerant alfalfa rhizospheres was linked to elevated salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- elevated salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher abundance of Bacillus , Ensifer , and Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties is crucial in determining their elevated salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Pseudomonas abundance in tolerant alfalfa rhizospheres was linked to elevated salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- elevated salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher abundance of Bacillus , Ensifer , and Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties is crucial in determining their elevated salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing salinity, salt-sensitive varieties accumulated Fusarium.
FusariumNot reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As salinity levels increased, salt-sensitive varieties gradually accumulated a substantial population of pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing salinity, salt-sensitive varieties accumulated Rhizoctonia.
- Material
- salt-sensitive varietiese0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0pathogen - Outcome
- pathogenic fungie0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As salinity levels increased, salt-sensitive varieties gradually accumulated a substantial population of pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere bacteria of salt-tolerant varieties had increased activity in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis.
- Material
- salt-tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- activity in various metabolic pathwayse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“rhizosphere bacteria of salt-tolerant varieties exhibited increased activity in various metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties supply more rhizosphere carbon sources and enrich Pseudomonas to mitigate salinity stress.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- mitigate salinity stresse0
- Qualifier
- more carbon sourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties can provide more carbon sources to the rhizosphere, enriching more effective plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Pseudomonas to mitigate salinity stress”
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