Abstract
The growth and chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) depend on several factors in particular the supply of fertilization. The use of fertilization with different manure sources and doses in a sustainable production system are critical factors in integrated nutrient management and play an important role in increasing of quantity and quality of medicinal plant. Furthermore, organic manures play an important role in the growth of plants leading to organic and cleaner production. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to study the usage of different organic manures and chemical fertilizers on biomass production, accumulation of nutrients in the leaves, essential oil content, essential oil yield and chemical compositions of Thymus vulgaris . In addition to these objectives, providing an economical and low-cost alternative with the use of organic fertilizers. The treatments consisted of: three sources of organic manure (quail, cattle, and goat) at four doses, chemical fertilizer and the control (without fertilizer). Significant differences were observed between manure sources and doses in virtually all response variables. The results showed that the highest biomass and leaf nutrients of T. vulgaris was obtained in plants treated with quail and cattle manure . Higher production of reactive oxygen species was observed in plants fertilized with goat manure , which generally showed the lowest levels of leaf nutrients. The results showed that the highest essential oil yield of T. vulgaris was obtained in plants treated with cattle manure compared to the control treatment. Thymol was major chemical compound of thyme tended to increase with increasing doses of the three sources of organic manures. The present study indicated that the usage of the right dose and source organic manure are crucial to provide quantitative-qualitative gains in the cultivation of T. vulgaris .
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The highest biomass and leaf nutrient levels of Thymus vulgaris were obtained with quail and cattle manure.
- Taxon
- T. vulgaris
.JPG?width=60)
Thymus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- quail and cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- biomass and leaf nutrientse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
e0“The results showed that the highest biomass and leaf nutrients of T. vulgaris was obtained in plants treated with quail and cattle manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants of Thymus vulgaris fertilized with goat manure showed higher production of reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- goat manuree0
- Outcome
- production of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
e0“Higher production of reactive oxygen species was observed in plants fertilized with goat manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymus vulgaris plants fertilized with goat manure generally showed the lowest leaf nutrient levels.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- goat manuree0
- Outcome
- levels of leaf nutrientse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
e0“plants fertilized with goat manure , which generally showed the lowest levels of leaf nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure gave the highest essential oil yield of Thymus vulgaris compared with the control.
- Taxon
- T. vulgarisThymus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the highest essential oil yield of T. vulgaris was obtained in plants treated with cattle manure compared to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol, the major compound of thyme essential oil, tended to increase with increasing doses of the three organic manure sources.
- Taxon
- thymeThymus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- increasing doses of the three sources of organic manurese0
- Outcome
- Thymole0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thymol was major chemical compound of thyme tended to increase with increasing doses of the three sources of organic manures”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure sources and doses differed significantly in virtually all response variables measured in Thymus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- manure sources and dosese0
- Outcome
- response variablese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
e0“Significant differences were observed between manure sources and doses in virtually all response variables”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the right dose and source of organic manure are crucial for quantitative-qualitative gains in T. vulgaris cultivation.
- Taxon
- T. vulgarisThymus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- right dose and source organic manuree0
- Outcome
- quantitative-qualitative gainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the usage of the right dose and source organic manure are crucial to provide quantitative-qualitative gains in the cultivation of T. vulgaris”
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