Abstract
Improved fertilizer management, with a combination of organic and inorganic inputs, has the potential to enhance rice yield while maintaining soil health. However, studies on the effects of broadcast prilled urea (PU) and urea deep placement (UDP) applied in combination with organic inputs (poultry litter [PL] and vermicompost [VC]), as integrated plant nutrition systems (IPNSs), on rice yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation are limited. We conducted field experiments during the dry and wet seasons of 2018, 2019, and 2020 to investigate the effects of fertilizer treatments, including control (no nitrogen), UDP, PU, and IPNSs (PU + VC, PU + PL, and UDP + PL) on rice yield and NUE under two irrigation regimes – AWD and continuous flooding (CF). The results revealed that fertilizer treatment and irrigation regime had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects on rice yield and the agronomic efficiency of N (AE N ) during the dry season. UDP significantly (p < 0.05) boosted rice yield, total dry matter (TDM), and NUE as compared to broadcast PU in both wet and dry seasons. Similarly, the IPNS treatment of UDP with PL significantly (p < 0.05) boosted rice yield, TDM, and NUE in comparison to broadcast PU. Under AWD irrigation, UDP alone produced higher rice yields than other treatments, while UDP, and UDP with PL produced similar yields under CF irrigation. During the dry season, AWD irrigation significantly (p < 0.05) increased rice yield, TDM, and AE N when compared to CF conditions, but during the wet season, AWD irrigation demonstrated a rice yield and NUE equivalent to CF. This research implies that using a UDP alone or in combination with PL as an IPNS could be a good way to boost crop productivity while also maintaining soil fertility.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer and irrigation interacted significantly on dry-season rice yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- fertilizer treatment and irrigation regimee0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer treatment and irrigation regime had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects on rice yield and the agronomic efficiency of N (AE N ) during the dry season.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer and irrigation interacted significantly on dry-season agronomic N efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatment and irrigation regimee0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency of N (AE N )e0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer treatment and irrigation regime had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects on rice yield and the agronomic efficiency of N (AE N ) during the dry season.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UDP increased yield, dry matter and NUE versus broadcast PU in both seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- rice yield, total dry matter (TDM), and NUEe0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Qualifier
- both wet and dry seasonse0
- Comparator
- broadcast PUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UDP significantly (p < 0.05) boosted rice yield, total dry matter (TDM), and NUE as compared to broadcast PU in both wet and dry seasons.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UDP with PL increased yield, dry matter and NUE versus broadcast PU.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDP with PLe0
- Outcome
- rice yield, TDM, and NUEe0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Comparator
- broadcast PUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UDP with PL significantly (p < 0.05) boosted rice yield, TDM, and NUE in comparison to broadcast PU.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, UDP alone yielded more rice than other treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDP alonee0
- Outcome
- rice yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- AWD irrigatione0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under AWD irrigation, UDP alone produced higher rice yields than other treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under continuous flooding, UDP and UDP plus PL had similar yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDP, and UDP with PLe0
- Outcome
- similar yieldse0
- Qualifier
- CF irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UDP, and UDP with PL produced similar yields under CF irrigation.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In the dry season, AWD increased yield, dry matter and agronomic N efficiency versus continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD irrigatione0
- Outcome
- rice yield, TDM, and AE Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
- Comparator
- CF conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the dry season, AWD irrigation significantly (p < 0.05) increased rice yield, TDM, and AE N when compared to CF conditions”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In the wet season, AWD produced yield and NUE equivalent to continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD irrigatione0
- Outcome
- rice yield and NUE equivalent to CFe0
- Qualifier
- wet seasone0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the wet season, AWD irrigation demonstrated a rice yield and NUE equivalent to CF.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed UDP alone or with PL to improve productivity while maintaining soil fertility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- boost crop productivity while also maintaining soil fertilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a UDP alone or in combination with PL as an IPNS could be a good way to boost crop productivity while also maintaining soil fertility.”
t0“rice”
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