Abstract
A long-term trial was conducted in commercial vineyards in the Coastal region of South Africa to assess the impact of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on vineyards. Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc grapevines were irrigated using treated municipal wastewater from the Potsdam wastewater treatment works for 11 years. Grapevines were either rainfed (RF), irrigated with treated municipal wastewater via a single dripper line (SLD) or received twice the volume of wastewater via a double dripper line (DLD). Grapevine responses were measured from the 2013/14 to 2017/18 seasons. Although high amounts of K+, Na+ and Cl- were applied via wastewater irrigation, it did not result in excessive uptake by plants and did not affect vegetative growth or yield negatively. Irrigation reduced water constraints throughout the growing season compared to RF conditions, particularly for Cabernet Sauvignon. Consequently, SLD and DLD grapevines produced stronger vegetative growth and higher yields compared to RF. Results showed that the availability of irrigation water (albeit of relatively low quality) in regions where grapevines are usually grown under dryland conditions can increase grapevine productivity whilst maintaining good fruit quality. However, the water can vary in its availability as well as its quality over a short period of time. Plant and soil water status should be monitored regularly to avoid over-irrigation. Implementing low frequency irrigation scheduling with a sufficient leaching fraction will allow adequate time between irrigation applications for soils to aerate and organic material to decompose. Irrigation water, soils and grapevine leaves should be analysed to ensure that chemical parameters conform to recommended thresholds and norms.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wastewater irrigation did not cause excessive uptake of applied ions.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- wastewater irrigatione0
- Outcome
- excessive uptake by plantse0
- Direction
- did not resulte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although high amounts of K+, Na+ and Cl- were applied via wastewater irrigation, it did not result in excessive uptake by plants”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wastewater irrigation did not negatively affect vegetative growth or yield.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- treated municipal wastewatert0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth or yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect vegetative growth or yield negatively”
t0“treated municipal wastewater on Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation reduced seasonal water constraints compared with rainfed conditions, particularly in Cabernet Sauvignon.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- water constraintse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- RF conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation reduced water constraints throughout the growing season compared to RF conditions, particularly for Cabernet Sauvignon”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single dripper line irrigation produced stronger vegetative growth than rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- SLDe0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- RFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLD and DLD grapevines produced stronger vegetative growth and higher yields compared to RF”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double dripper line irrigation produced stronger vegetative growth than rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- DLDe0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- RFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLD and DLD grapevines produced stronger vegetative growth and higher yields compared to RF”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single dripper line irrigation produced higher yield than rainfed conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLD and DLD grapevines produced stronger vegetative growth and higher yields compared to RF”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double dripper line irrigation produced higher yield than rainfed conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLD and DLD grapevines produced stronger vegetative growth and higher yields compared to RF”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation can increase grapevine productivity while maintaining fruit quality.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- grapevine productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- maintaining good fruit qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can increase grapevine productivity whilst maintaining good fruit quality”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend monitoring plant and soil water status to avoid over irrigation.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- Plant and soil water status should be monitored regularlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant and soil water status should be monitored regularly to avoid over-irrigation”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend low frequency irrigation with sufficient leaching to permit soil aeration and organic decomposition.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- low frequency irrigation scheduling with a sufficient leaching fractione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Implementing low frequency irrigation scheduling with a sufficient leaching fraction will allow adequate time between irrigation applications for soils to aerate and organic material to decompose”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend analysis of irrigation water, soils and leaves against chemical thresholds.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- Irrigation water, soils and grapevine leaves should be analysede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation water, soils and grapevine leaves should be analysed to ensure that chemical parameters conform to recommended thresholds and norms”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · nutrient: content · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.