Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is an important environmental problem, as it is easily absorbed by plants and gradually accumulates in the human body through the food chain. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in the metabolic response of the rice cultivar “TanLiangYou215” under Cd stress. Rice was grown in soil culture at 0 (Control), 2 (Low group), and 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2 for 90 days. The ultrastructural, Cd content, antioxidant activity, and metabolic changes to the rice in different tissues were analyzed. Phenotypic characterization and ultrastructure showed that the rice roots and leaves were significantly damaged and plant growth was inhibited in the High group, while plant growth was promoted in the Low group. Overall, Cd showed a regularity of “low promotion and high inhibition”. Physiological indices revealed that rice was significantly affected by Cd stress. Compared to the Control, Cd stress resulted in higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and the Low group suffered less oxidative damage than the High group. Metabolomic studies revealed that Cd stress significantly altered the metabolic profiles of rice plants. Rice responded to Cd stress by upregulating amino acids and regulating related pathways, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. The significant expression of flavonoids with antioxidant properties helped rice resist the oxidative damage caused by Cd accumulation in the root tissue; Cd stress significantly downregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism in the stem and leaf tissues, which affected the cellular activities in rice stem and leaf tissues. We investigated the effects of Cd stress on ultrastructure, antioxidant activity, and metabolic changes in different tissues of the rice variety TLY215. Moreover, the different tissues of TLY215 can regulate these metabolic pathways to resist Cd stress, which provides valuable insights into the response of TLY215 to different concentrations of Cd.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High cadmium (10 mg/kg) inhibited rice growth and damaged roots and leaves compared with control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Material
- TanLiangYou215e0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese2
- Treatment
- 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2e1
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
- Direction
- was inhibitede2
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study aimed to elucidate the changes in the metabolic response of the rice cultivar “TanLiangYou215” under Cd stress”
e1“Rice was grown in soil culture at 0 (Control), 2 (Low group), and 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2 for 90 days”
e2“Phenotypic characterization and ultrastructure showed that the rice roots and leaves were significantly damaged and plant growth was inhibited in the High group, while plant growth was promoted in the Low group”
Claim · model-written summary
Low cadmium (2 mg/kg) promoted rice growth compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- 2 (Low group)e1
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
- Direction
- was promotede2
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice was grown in soil culture at 0 (Control), 2 (Low group), and 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2 for 90 days”
e2“Phenotypic characterization and ultrastructure showed that the rice roots and leaves were significantly damaged and plant growth was inhibited in the High group, while plant growth was promoted in the Low group”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased antioxidant enzyme activities in rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Cd stresse3
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- Controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice was grown in soil culture at 0 (Control), 2 (Low group), and 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2 for 90 days”
e3“Compared to the Control, Cd stress resulted in higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and the Low group suffered less oxidative damage than the High group”
Claim · model-written summary
The low cadmium group suffered less oxidative damage than the high cadmium group.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Low groupe3
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Comparator
- High groupe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice was grown in soil culture at 0 (Control), 2 (Low group), and 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2 for 90 days”
e3“Compared to the Control, Cd stress resulted in higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and the Low group suffered less oxidative damage than the High group”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly altered the metabolic profiles of rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- Cd stresse4
- Outcome
- metabolic profilese4
- Direction
- alterede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Metabolomic studies revealed that Cd stress significantly altered the metabolic profiles of rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice responded to cadmium stress by upregulating amino acids.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- Cd stresse5
- Outcome
- amino acidse5
- Direction
- upregulatinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Rice responded to Cd stress by upregulating amino acids and regulating related pathways, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress regulated alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- Cd stresse5
- Outcome
- alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolisme5
- Direction
- regulatinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Rice responded to Cd stress by upregulating amino acids and regulating related pathways, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoids with antioxidant properties helped rice resist oxidative damage caused by cadmium in root tissue.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Organ / stage
- root tissuee6
- Compound
- flavonoidse6
- Outcome
- resist the oxidative damagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The significant expression of flavonoids with antioxidant properties helped rice resist the oxidative damage caused by Cd accumulation in the root tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly downregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism in rice stem and leaf tissues.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- stem and leaf tissuese7
- Treatment
- Cd stresse7
- Outcome
- glycerophospholipid metabolisme7
- Direction
- downregulatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice was grown in soil culture at 0 (Control), 2 (Low group), and 10 (High group) mg/kg CdCl2 for 90 days”
e7“Cd stress significantly downregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism in the stem and leaf tissues”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 7 papers →cadmium dichloride · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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heavy metal · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
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- no effect
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.