Abstract
Mutation breeding is among the most critical approaches to promoting genetic diversity when genetic diversity is narrowed for a long time using traditional breeding methods. In the current study, 15 wheat mutants created by gamma radiation and three salt-tolerant wheat cultivars were studied under no salinity stress (Karaj) and salinity stress (Yazd) during three consecutive growing seasons from 2017 to 2020 (M05 to M07 generations mutants). Results showed that salinity induced lipid peroxidation and enhanced ion leakage in all genotypes however, M6 and M15 showed the least ion leakage increment. It was also observed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR increased with salinity; the maximum increase in antioxidant activity was belonged to M15, M09, M06 and M05. All genotypes had higher protein content in salinity stress conditions; M07 and M12 showed the lowest (1.8%) and the highest (17.3%) protein increase, respectively. Zeleny sedimentation volume increased under salinity stress conditions in all genotypes except M06, C2, C3, and M07. The result indicated that salinity stress increased wet gluten in all genotypes. M10 and M08 showed the highest (47.8%) and the lowest (4%) wet gluten increment, respectively. M06 and M11 mutants showed the lowest (6.1%) and the highest (60.7%) decrement of grain yield due to salinity stress, respectively. Finally, M04, M05, M07, M13, and M14 were known as genotypes with high grain yield in both no salinity and salinity stress conditions. In other word, these genotypes have higher yield stability. The results of the current study revealed that gamma irradiation could effectively be used to induce salinity tolerance in wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased lipid peroxidation and ion leakage in all wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and enhanced ion leakagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- all genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity induced lipid peroxidation and enhanced ion leakage in all genotypes”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M6 and M15 showed the smallest salinity induced ion leakage increases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- M6 and M15e0
- Outcome
- ion leakage incremente0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M6 and M15 showed the least ion leakage increment”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities increased under salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GRe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR increased with salinity”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M15, M09, M06 and M05 showed the greatest antioxidant activity increase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- M15, M09, M06 and M05e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum increase in antioxidant activity was belonged to M15, M09, M06 and M05”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
All genotypes had higher protein content under salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All genotypes had higher protein content in salinity stress conditions”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M07 had the lowest protein increase, 1.8%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M07 and M12 showed the lowest (1.8%) and the highest (17.3%) protein increase, respectively”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M12 had the highest protein increase, 17.3%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M07 and M12 showed the lowest (1.8%) and the highest (17.3%) protein increase, respectively”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Zeleny sedimentation volume except in M06, C2, C3 and M07.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- Zeleny sedimentation volumee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except M06, C2, C3, and M07e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zeleny sedimentation volume increased under salinity stress conditions in all genotypes except M06, C2, C3, and M07”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased wet gluten in all genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- wet glutene0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress increased wet gluten in all genotypes”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M10 had the highest wet gluten increase, 47.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- M10e0
- Outcome
- wet gluten incremente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M10 and M08 showed the highest (47.8%) and the lowest (4%) wet gluten increment, respectively”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M08 had the lowest wet gluten increase, 4%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M10 and M08 showed the highest (47.8%) and the lowest (4%) wet gluten increment, respectively”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M06 had the smallest grain yield decline under salinity, 6.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- M06e0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decremente0
- Value
- 6.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M06 and M11 mutants showed the lowest (6.1%) and the highest (60.7%) decrement of grain yield due to salinity stress, respectively”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M11 had the largest grain yield decline under salinity, 60.7%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- M11e0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decremente0
- Value
- 60.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M06 and M11 mutants showed the lowest (6.1%) and the highest (60.7%) decrement of grain yield due to salinity stress, respectively”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
M04, M05, M07, M13 and M14 had high and stable yield with and without salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- M04, M05, M07, M13, and M14e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- both no salinity and salinity stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M04, M05, M07, M13, and M14 were known as genotypes with high grain yield in both no salinity and salinity stress conditions. In other word, these genotypes have higher yield stability”
t0“bread wheat mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded gamma irradiation could induce wheat salinity tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- gamma irradiatione0
- Outcome
- salinity tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gamma irradiation could effectively be used to induce salinity tolerance in wheat”
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