Abstract
Abstract Studies of boron (B) and silicon (Si) synergy in cotton crops have shown promising results; however, the focus was on the foliar application of B and Si. Nonetheless, B is an element with little mobility in the plant and its best form of application is in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of soil applied B and foliar applied sSi on fiber quality and crop yield of cotton. For this purpose, a field experiment was carried out using cotton cultivar FM 985 GLTP. The soil’s B in the experimental site is classified as low for cotton cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete-block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with three doses of B: 0.0 kg ha −1 (deficiency), 2.0 kg ha −1 (recommended dose), and 4.0 kg ha −1 (high dose) in the absence and presence (920 g L −1 ) of Si, with four replications. One week after the 4 th application of Si, B and Si leaf content was determined. At boll opening, crop yield was estimated, and fiber quality analysis was realized. Boron deficiency reduced cotton yield, in 11 and 9%, compared to the application of 2 and 4 kg ha −1 of B, respectively. The presence of Si, however, increased plant yield in 5% in the treatments with 0 and 2 kg ha −1 of B, respectively. Cotton fiber length and elongation were not influenced by the B doses and Si presence. Fiber breaking strength was increased in 5% by the presence of Si and was not influenced by B deficiency. Micronaire was 8% smaller in the treatment with 0 kg ha −1 of B and 6% smaller in the absence of Si. Short fiber index was 4% greater in the plants of the treatment with 0 kg ha −1 of B. The results of this study reports that the complementation with Si via foliar application increases fiber quality by enhance breaking strength and micronaire. In conclusion, the interaction between soil-applied B and foliar-applied Si is beneficial for cotton cultivation, resulting in high cotton yield with better fiber quality.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Boron deficiency reduced cotton yield by 11% compared with 2 kg ha −1 B.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Boron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11e0
- Comparator
- 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron deficiency reduced cotton yield, in 11 and 9%, compared to the application of 2 and 4 kg ha −1 of B, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron deficiency reduced cotton yield by 9% compared with 4 kg ha −1 B.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Boron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Comparator
- 4 kg ha −1 of Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron deficiency reduced cotton yield, in 11 and 9%, compared to the application of 2 and 4 kg ha −1 of B, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased plant yield by 5% with 0 kg ha −1 B.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Qualifier
- 0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of Si, however, increased plant yield in 5% in the treatments with 0 and 2 kg ha −1 of B, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased plant yield by 5% with 2 kg ha −1 B.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2 kg ha −1 of Be0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of Si, however, increased plant yield in 5% in the treatments with 0 and 2 kg ha −1 of B, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron dose did not influence fiber length and elongation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- B dosese0
- Outcome
- fiber length and elongatione0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton fiber length and elongation were not influenced by the B doses and Si presence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon did not influence fiber length and elongation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Si presencee0
- Outcome
- fiber length and elongatione0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton fiber length and elongation were not influenced by the B doses and Si presence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased fiber breaking strength by 5%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Fiber breaking strengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fiber breaking strength was increased in 5% by the presence of Si and was not influenced by B deficiency.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron deficiency did not influence fiber breaking strength.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- B deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Fiber breaking strengthe0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fiber breaking strength was increased in 5% by the presence of Si and was not influenced by B deficiency.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronaire was 8% smaller with 0 kg ha −1 B.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 0 kg ha −1 of Be0
- Outcome
- Micronairee0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronaire was 8% smaller in the treatment with 0 kg ha −1 of B and 6% smaller in the absence of Si.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronaire was 6% smaller without silicon.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- absence of Sie0
- Outcome
- Micronairee0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronaire was 8% smaller in the treatment with 0 kg ha −1 of B and 6% smaller in the absence of Si.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Short fiber index was 4% greater with 0 kg ha −1 B.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 0 kg ha −1 of Be0
- Outcome
- Short fiber indexe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short fiber index was 4% greater in the plants of the treatment with 0 kg ha −1 of B.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that soil boron and foliar silicon together benefit cotton yield and fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- high cotton yield with better fiber qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, the interaction between soil-applied B and foliar-applied Si is beneficial for cotton cultivation, resulting in high cotton yield with better fiber quality.”
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