Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Tandur during 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 to evaluate the effect of FYM and site specific nutrient management (SSNM) practices in safflower. FYM was applied two weeks before sowing and fertilizers were applied to the crop based on uptake pattern, target yield and soil fertility status. The field trial was laid out in split plot design with four replications. In main plots two treatments were assigned viz., M1 - No manure, M2 - FYM @ 5 t/ha and five sub plots consisted of S1 - Control (No fertilizer), S2 - Recommended NPK, S3- SSNM (STCR equation) for target yield of 1.5 t/ha, S4- S3 + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha), S5 - S3 + if soil is deficient add 25% more than S2, if soil is medium apply as S2 and if soil is high apply 25% less than S2. Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g), dry weight/plant (58.92 g), Seed yield (1377 kg/ha), biological yield (5862 kg/ha), harvest index (20.16%) and gross returns (`39626/ha). However, net returns (`16669/ha) and B:C ratio (2.00) was higher in no manure application. Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33), seed weight/plant (11.28 g), 100 seed weight (6.54 g), dry weight/plant (64.47 g), seed yield (1650 kg/ha), biological yield (6227 kg/ha), harvest index (21.81 %), gross returns (` 47511 /ha) and net returns (` 20881 /ha).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased plant height to 105.89 cm.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 105.89 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased primary branches to 10.14.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- primary branchese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased capitula number to 30.14.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- number of capitulae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30.14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased seed weight per plant to 9.40 g.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- seed weight/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.40 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased 100-seed weight to 6.42 g.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- 100 seed weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.42 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased dry weight per plant to 58.92 g.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- dry weight/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 58.92 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g), dry weight/plant (58.92 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased seed yield to 1377 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1377 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g), dry weight/plant (58.92 g), Seed yield (1377 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased biological yield to 5862 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5862 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g), dry weight/plant (58.92 g), Seed yield (1377 kg/ha), biological yield (5862 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased harvest index to 20.16%.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g), dry weight/plant (58.92 g), Seed yield (1377 kg/ha), biological yield (5862 kg/ha), harvest index (20.16%)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 5 t/ha significantly increased gross returns to `39626/ha.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- gross returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- `39626/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha (M2) resulted in significantly higher plant height (105.89 cm), primary branches (10.14), number of capitula (30.14), seed weight/plant (9.40 g), 100 seed weight (6.42 g), dry weight/plant (58.92 g), Seed yield (1377 kg/ha), biological yield (5862 kg/ha), harvest index (20.16%) and gross returns (`39626/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without manure, net returns were higher at `16669/ha.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- no manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- `16669/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“net returns (`16669/ha) and B:C ratio (2.00) was higher in no manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
Without manure, the benefit-cost ratio was higher at 2.00.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- no manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.00e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“net returns (`16669/ha) and B:C ratio (2.00) was higher in no manure application”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased plant height to 115.07 cm.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 115.07 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased primary branches to 12.23.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- primary branchese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 12.23e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased capitula per plant to 36.33.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- number of capitula/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36.33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased seed weight per plant to 11.28 g.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- seed weight/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.28 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33), seed weight/plant (11.28 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased 100-seed weight to 6.54 g.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- 100 seed weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.54 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33), seed weight/plant (11.28 g), 100 seed weight (6.54 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased dry weight per plant to 64.47 g.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- dry weight/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 64.47 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33), seed weight/plant (11.28 g), 100 seed weight (6.54 g), dry weight/plant (64.47 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased seed yield to 1650 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1650 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33), seed weight/plant (11.28 g), 100 seed weight (6.54 g), dry weight/plant (64.47 g), seed yield (1650 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
S4 nutrient management significantly increased biological yield to 6227 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Carthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6227 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- harvest index (21.81 %), gross returns (` 47511 /ha) and net returns (` 20881 /ha)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e0“Application of fertilizers based on S4- SSNM (STCR equation) for targeted yield of 1.5 t/ha + micronutrients (Zn @ 5 kg/ha + S @ 10 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height (115.07 cm), primary branches (12.23), number of capitula/plant (36.33), seed weight/plant (11.28 g), 100 seed weight (6.54 g), dry weight/plant (64.47 g), seed yield (1650 kg/ha), biological yield (6227 kg/ha), harvest index (21.81 %), gross returns (` 47511 /ha) and net returns (` 20881 /ha)”
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