Abstract
Abstract Worldwide, salinity severely affects agricultural production of crops such as mung bean in arid and semi-arid regions. In saline conditions, various species of Rhizobium can be used to enhance nodulation and induce salinity tolerance in maize. The present study conducted a pot experiment to determine the efficiency of three rhizobial isolates under different salinity conditions, such as 1.41, 4 and 6 dS m −1 , on mung bean growth parameters, antioxidant status and yield. Results revealed that salt stress imparted adverse effects on the growth, antioxidants, yield and nodulation of mung bean. Under high salt stress conditions, fresh weights were reduced for roots (78.24%), shoots (64.52%), pods (58.26%) and height (32.33%) as compared to un-inoculated control plants. However, an increase in proline content (46.14%) was observed in high salt stressed plants. Three Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3), on the other hand, mitigated the negative effects of salt stress after inoculation. However, effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control. Rhizobium strains Mg1, and Mg2 expressed splendid results at 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stress. The growth promotion effects might be due to improvement in mineral uptake and ionic balance that minimized the inhibitory effects caused by salinity stress. Thus, inoculating with these strains may boost mung bean growth and yield under salinity stress.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress adversely affected growth, antioxidants, yield, and nodulation of mung bean.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growth, antioxidants, yield and nodulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that salt stress imparted adverse effects on the growth, antioxidants, yield and nodulation of mung bean.”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt stress reduced mung bean root fresh weight by 78.24%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- high salt stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- fresh weights were reduced for rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 78.24%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high salt stress conditions, fresh weights were reduced for roots (78.24%), shoots (64.52%), pods (58.26%) and height (32.33%) as compared to un-inoculated control plants.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt stress reduced mung bean shoot fresh weight by 64.52%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- high salt stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 64.52%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high salt stress conditions, fresh weights were reduced for roots (78.24%), shoots (64.52%), pods (58.26%) and height (32.33%) as compared to un-inoculated control plants.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt stress reduced mung bean pod fresh weight by 58.26%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- high salt stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- podse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58.26%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high salt stress conditions, fresh weights were reduced for roots (78.24%), shoots (64.52%), pods (58.26%) and height (32.33%) as compared to un-inoculated control plants.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt stress reduced mung bean height by 32.33%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- high salt stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 32.33%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high salt stress conditions, fresh weights were reduced for roots (78.24%), shoots (64.52%), pods (58.26%) and height (32.33%) as compared to un-inoculated control plants.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt stress increased mung bean proline content by 46.14%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- high salt stressede0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 46.14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in proline content (46.14%) was observed in high salt stressed plants.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate Mg3 increased mung bean height by 45.10% at 6 dS m −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg3 inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 45.10%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate Mg3 increased mung bean shoot fresh weight by 58.68% at 6 dS m −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg3 inoculatione0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of shoote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 58.68%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate Mg3 increased mung bean root fresh weight by 63.64% at 6 dS m −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg3 inoculatione0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 63.64%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate Mg3 increased mung bean pod fresh weight by 34.10% at 6 dS m −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg3 inoculatione0
- Outcome
- pods fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 34.10%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate Mg3 increased mung bean pods per plant by 92.04% at 6 dS m −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg3 inoculatione0
- Outcome
- pods number per plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 92.04%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium isolate Mg3 increased mung bean grain nitrogen concentration by 21% at 6 dS m −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg3 inoculatione0
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of Mg3 inoculation were prominent at 6 dS m −1 and it enhanced the plant height (45.10%), fresh weight of shoot (58.68%), root (63.64%), pods fresh weight (34.10%), pods number per plant (92.04%), and grain nitrogen concentration (21%) than un-inoculated control.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium Mg1 performed well at 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg1e0
- Outcome
- splendid resultse0
- Qualifier
- 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium strains Mg1, and Mg2 expressed splendid results at 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stress.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium Mg2 performed well at 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Mg2e0
- Outcome
- splendid resultse0
- Qualifier
- 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium strains Mg1, and Mg2 expressed splendid results at 1.41 and 4 dS m −1 salinity stress.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved mineral uptake and ionic balance might explain growth promotion by Rhizobium isolates.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- growth promotion effectse0
- Qualifier
- improvement in mineral uptake and ionic balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth promotion effects might be due to improvement in mineral uptake and ionic balance that minimized the inhibitory effects caused by salinity stress.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest rhizobial inoculation to boost mung bean growth and yield under salt stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- inoculating with these strains may boost mung bean growth and yield under salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, inoculating with these strains may boost mung bean growth and yield under salinity stress.”
t0“mung bean growth parameters”
t1“Rhizobium isolates (Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3)”
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