Abstract
The ameliorative potential of goat droppings (GD) for crude oil polluted soil was explored in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using stored goat droppings to attenuate crude oil toxicity on crop plants. It comprised six study groups as follows; (group 1= control; group 2=unpolluted soil+75g GD; group 3=unpolluted soil +150g GD; group 4= polluted soil; group 5=polluted soil+75g GD; group 6=polluted soil +150g GD). There was crude petroleum mediated significant decreases in stem length, leave length and breadth, plant height and root length. Also observed were significant reduction in chlorophyll and beta-carotene contents of cowpea seedlings grown in polluted soils compared to those raised unpolluted soils. Antioxidant indices (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and uric acid) were all significantly reduced cowpea seedlings grown in polluted soil, compared to control. GD amendment of polluted soil significantly elevated the antioxidants near control values. Also observed were significant rise in lipid peroxidation levels in cowpea seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soils while GD amendment significantly reversed the trend. Furthermore, the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes (glutathione-s-transferase, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase) reduced concomitantly with lipid peroxidation in seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soils. All observed aberrations in the seedlings grown in polluted soil were significantly reversed to near control values in seedlings grown in soil samples amended with GD with and without petroleum treatments. The positive effect of GD on growth parameters, chlorophyll and beta-carotene, antioxidants and oxidative stress indices in cowpea seedling grown in polluted and unpolluted soils are indicative of the efficacy of GD to reduce crude oil toxicity and holds a potential as organic manure.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Crude petroleum significantly reduced seedling dimensions.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlings
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- crude petroleume0
- Outcome
- stem length, leave length and breadthe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude petroleum mediated significant decreases in stem length, leave length and breadth, plant height and root length”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude petroleum significantly reduced plant height and root length.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- crude petroleume0
- Outcome
- plant height and root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude petroleum mediated significant decreases in stem length, leave length and breadth, plant height and root length”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Polluted soil significantly reduced chlorophyll and beta-carotene.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- polluted soilse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and beta-carotene contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- unpolluted soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction in chlorophyll and beta-carotene contents of cowpea seedlings grown in polluted soils compared to those raised unpolluted soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Polluted soil significantly reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- polluted soile0
- Outcome
- glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant indices (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and uric acid) were all significantly reduced cowpea seedlings grown in polluted soil, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Polluted soil significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C and uric acid.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- polluted soile0
- Outcome
- glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and uric acide0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant indices (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and uric acid) were all significantly reduced cowpea seedlings grown in polluted soil, compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat droppings significantly raised antioxidants toward control levels.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- GD amendment of polluted soile0
- Outcome
- antioxidantse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GD amendment of polluted soil significantly elevated the antioxidants near control values”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude oil polluted soil significantly increased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- crude oil polluted soilse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant rise in lipid peroxidation levels in cowpea seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat droppings significantly reversed the lipid peroxidation rise.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- GD amendmente0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation levelse1
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GD amendment significantly reversed the trend”
e1“lipid peroxidation levels in cowpea seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Drug metabolizing enzyme activities decreased in seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soil.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- crude oil polluted soilse0
- Outcome
- glutathione-s-transferase, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of drug metabolizing enzymes (glutathione-s-transferase, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase) reduced concomitantly with lipid peroxidation in seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soils”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldehyde oxidase activity decreased in crude oil polluted soil.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- crude oil polluted soilse0
- Outcome
- aldehyde oxidasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of drug metabolizing enzymes (glutathione-s-transferase, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase) reduced concomitantly with lipid peroxidation in seedlings grown in crude oil polluted soils”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat droppings reversed observed seedling aberrations toward control values.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- GDe0
- Outcome
- observed aberrationse0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All observed aberrations in the seedlings grown in polluted soil were significantly reversed to near control values in seedlings grown in soil samples amended with GD with and without petroleum treatments”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify goat droppings as potential organic manure to reduce crude oil toxicity.
- Taxon
- cowpea seedlingsVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- potential as organic manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of GD to reduce crude oil toxicity and holds a potential as organic manure”
t0“cowpea seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
other · molecular: metabolites · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
pollution · physiology: pigments · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.