Abstract
Very few studies have thus far evaluated the impact of various processing and preservation techniques (blanching, frying, freezing, dehydration, and sun drying) on the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of okra. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different processing and preservation methods on the levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of okra. The ethanolic extracts of each sample were analyzed before and after preservation and storage for a period of three months. The results showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in total phenolic content (134.1 mg GAE/100g) and DPPH (1-1-diphenyl1-2-pricrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (IC50 value of 3.0 mg/mL) in blanched okra when compared to fresh okra (86.35 mg GAE/100g and IC50 value of 3.8 mg/mL, respectively). Fresh okra exhibited the highest flavonoid content (105.75 mg QE/100g), while sun-dried okra samples stored for three months exhibited a decrease in total phenolic content (14.45 mg GAE/100g), total flavonoid contents (13.25 mg QE/100g), reducing power activity (23.30%), and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value of 134.8 mg/mL). The DPPH inhibition activities of all okra treatments showed a significant and positive correlation with the okra phenolic and flavonoid content (r = 0.702 and 0.67, respectively). The reducing power activity (%) of okra treatments exhibited a strong correlation (r) with phenolic contents (r = 0.966), and the correlation with flavonoid contents was 0.459. Generally, different processing and preservation methods of okra revealed that the impact on total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activities, was slightly significant among samples preserved using the same method during storage. In addition, blanched and frozen okra resulted in the highest retention of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Blanching increased total phenolic content relative to fresh okra.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- blanchede0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 134.1 mg GAE/100ge0
- Qualifier
- 86.35 mg GAE/100ge0
- Comparator
- fresh okrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“significant improvement (p < 0.05) in total phenolic content (134.1 mg GAE/100g) and DPPH (1-1-diphenyl1-2-pricrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (IC50 value of 3.0 mg/mL) in blanched okra when compared to fresh okra (86.35 mg GAE/100g and IC50 value of 3.8 mg/mL, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blanching improved DPPH scavenging activity relative to fresh okra, with lower IC50.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- blanchede0
- Outcome
- DPPH (1-1-diphenyl1-2-pricrylhydrazyl) scavenging activitye0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 3.0 mg/mLe0
- Qualifier
- 3.8 mg/mLe0
- Comparator
- fresh okrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant improvement (p < 0.05) in total phenolic content (134.1 mg GAE/100g) and DPPH (1-1-diphenyl1-2-pricrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity (IC50 value of 3.0 mg/mL) in blanched okra when compared to fresh okra (86.35 mg GAE/100g and IC50 value of 3.8 mg/mL, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh okra had the highest flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 105.75 mg QE/100ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh okra exhibited the highest flavonoid content (105.75 mg QE/100g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three months of storage of sun-dried okra reduced total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- sun-dried okra samples stored for three monthse0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 14.45 mg GAE/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sun-dried okra samples stored for three months exhibited a decrease in total phenolic content (14.45 mg GAE/100g), total flavonoid contents (13.25 mg QE/100g), reducing power activity (23.30%), and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value of 134.8 mg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three months of storage of sun-dried okra reduced total flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- sun-dried okra samples stored for three monthse0
- Outcome
- total flavonoid contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 13.25 mg QE/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sun-dried okra samples stored for three months exhibited a decrease in total phenolic content (14.45 mg GAE/100g), total flavonoid contents (13.25 mg QE/100g), reducing power activity (23.30%), and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value of 134.8 mg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three months of storage of sun-dried okra reduced reducing power activity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- sun-dried okra samples stored for three monthse0
- Outcome
- reducing power activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 23.30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sun-dried okra samples stored for three months exhibited a decrease in total phenolic content (14.45 mg GAE/100g), total flavonoid contents (13.25 mg QE/100g), reducing power activity (23.30%), and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value of 134.8 mg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three months of storage of sun-dried okra reduced DPPH scavenging activity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- sun-dried okra samples stored for three monthse0
- Outcome
- DPPH scavenging activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 134.8 mg/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sun-dried okra samples stored for three months exhibited a decrease in total phenolic content (14.45 mg GAE/100g), total flavonoid contents (13.25 mg QE/100g), reducing power activity (23.30%), and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value of 134.8 mg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH inhibition correlated positively with phenolic content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- DPPH inhibition activitiese0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r = 0.702e0
- Comparator
- okra phenolice0
Not reportedCompound
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DPPH inhibition activities of all okra treatments showed a significant and positive correlation with the okra phenolic and flavonoid content (r = 0.702 and 0.67, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH inhibition correlated positively with flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- DPPH inhibition activitiese0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- 0.67e0
- Comparator
- flavonoid contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DPPH inhibition activities of all okra treatments showed a significant and positive correlation with the okra phenolic and flavonoid content (r = 0.702 and 0.67, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing power correlated strongly with phenolic content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- reducing power activitye0
- Value
- r = 0.966e0
- Comparator
- phenolic contentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reducing power activity (%) of okra treatments exhibited a strong correlation (r) with phenolic contents (r = 0.966)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing power correlated with flavonoid content at r = 0.459.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- reducing power activitye1
- Value
- 0.459e0
- Comparator
- flavonoid contentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the correlation with flavonoid contents was 0.459”
e1“reducing power activity (%) of okra treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of processing and preservation on phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were slightly significant within storage-method groups.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact on total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activities, was slightly significant among samples preserved using the same method during storage”
e1“methods of okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Blanched okra had the highest retention of phenolics and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- blanchede0
- Outcome
- retention of phenolic contents and antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blanched and frozen okra resulted in the highest retention of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen okra had the highest retention of phenolics and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- frozene0
- Outcome
- retention of phenolic contents and antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blanched and frozen okra resulted in the highest retention of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities”
The same questions in other papers
storage · quality: phytochemicals · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
processing · quality: phytochemicals · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.