Abstract
ABSTRACT Microbial community imbalance is the main cause of soybean intercropping, but the mechanism of soybean soil fungal community diversity change induced by continuous cropping is still unclear. This study analyzes the fungal community diversity and the change of fungal communities in compartments of different root systems of intercropped soybeans by high-throughput sequencing (endosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere) between continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation. The results showed that the community composition and the diversity of compartments of different root systems of intercropped soybeans are different, and fungal diversities showed a decreasing trend from rhizosphere to endosphere. Continuous cropping significantly increased fungal community diversities in different root compartments and changed their formation, enrichment, and depletion processes. Continuous cropping brings about the enrichment of soil pathogens, but only partial soil pathogens could colonize from the rhizosphere to the endosphere. All these suggested that root compartments had selective effects on root-associated fungal community diversity. Additionally, metabolomics assay revealed that continuous cropping soybean markedly altered soil metabolic profiling. Correlation analysis results showed that fungal community diversity was significantly correlated with soil metabolites. To sum up, under different planting patterns, the diversity and the functional mode of soybean soil microbial community have changed. Continuous cropping has increased the abundance of pathogenic fungi in soybean soil, resulting in changes in the correlation between soil fungi and metabolites, and then changed the soil metabolic spectrum. IMPORTANCE Soybean yield can be affected by soybean soil fungal communities in different tillage patterns. Soybean is an important food crop with great significance worldwide. Continuous cultivation resulted in soil nutrient deficiencies, disordered metabolism of root exudates, fungal pathogen accumulation, and an altered microbial community, which brought a drop in soybean output. In this study, taking the soybean agroecosystem in northeast China, we revealed the microbial ecology and soil metabolites spectrum, especially the diversity and composition of soil fungi and the correlation of pathogenic fungi, and discussed the mechanisms and the measures of alleviating the obstacles.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root compartments differed in fungal composition and diversity.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- root systemse0
- Outcome
- community composition and the diversitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“community composition and the diversity of compartments of different root systems of intercropped soybeans are different”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal diversity decreased from rhizosphere to endosphere.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere to endospheree0
- Outcome
- fungal diversitiese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal diversities showed a decreasing trend from rhizosphere to endosphere”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping significantly increased fungal diversity in root compartments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- root compartmentse0
- Treatment
- Continuous croppinge0
- Outcome
- fungal community diversitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- maize-soybean rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous cropping significantly increased fungal community diversities in different root compartments”
e1“between continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping changed fungal formation, enrichment and depletion processes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Continuous croppinge0
- Outcome
- formation, enrichment, and depletion processese0
- Direction
- changede0
- Comparator
- maize-soybean rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous cropping significantly increased fungal community diversities in different root compartments and changed their formation, enrichment, and depletion processes.”
e1“between continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping enriched soil pathogens.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Continuous croppinge0
- Interactor
- soil pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- soil pathogense0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Comparator
- maize-soybean rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous cropping brings about the enrichment of soil pathogens”
e1“between continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Only some soil pathogens colonized from rhizosphere to endosphere.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere to the endospheree0
- Interactor
- soil pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- partial soil pathogens could colonizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only partial soil pathogens could colonize from the rhizosphere to the endosphere”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping markedly altered soybean soil metabolic profiles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- continuous croppinge0
- Outcome
- soil metabolic profilinge0
- Direction
- alterede0
- Comparator
- maize-soybean rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous cropping soybean markedly altered soil metabolic profiling”
e1“between continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal community diversity correlated significantly with soil metabolites.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- soil metabolitese0
- Outcome
- fungal community diversitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal community diversity was significantly correlated with soil metabolites”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cultivation was associated with soil nutrient deficiencies and altered root exudate metabolism.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Continuous cultivatione0
- Outcome
- soil nutrient deficiencies, disordered metabolism of root exudatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous cultivation resulted in soil nutrient deficiencies, disordered metabolism of root exudates”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cultivation was linked to reduced soybean output.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean outpute0
- Direction
- drope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which brought a drop in soybean output”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · soil: biology · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
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