Abstract
Abstract The study of winter stress tolerance in perennial legumes needs to consider the complete symbiotic system including both plants and bacteria since these two partners are differentially affected by stress conditions. Here, we compared the regrowth after a freezing stress of four different associations of two alfalfa populations differing in freezing tolerance (A-TF0 and A-TF7) inoculated with two Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti strains (B399 and NRG34) of contrasted adaptation to cold. To understand the contribution of each partner to a better regrowth performance of an association after freezing, we identified molecular traits having major roles in cold acclimation, freezing tolerance, and those involved in the crosstalk between alfalfa and its symbiotic partner. Regrowth after exposure to a freezing stress was 35% larger in the A-TF7 × NRG34 than in the A-TF0 × B399 association. The metabolomic study of roots, crowns and, more specifically, nodules, revealed profound changes in these organs, switching from a sink to support cold acclimation to a source of reserves enabling regrowth after deacclimation. Marked increases in concentrations of stachyose and raffinose, two sugars of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO), and in the expression level of a gene of the RFO synthetic pathway were observed in response to cold acclimation supporting the importance of a protective role for RFO in alfalfa. Both cold-adapted partners of the symbiotic association contributed to increases in arginine concentration in nodules in response to cold acclimation and deacclimation underscoring the importance of N storage and remobilization for a successful overwintering in alfalfa.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Regrowth after freezing was 35% larger in the A-TF7 x NRG34 association than in the A-TF0 x B399 association.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Material
- A-TF7 × NRG34e1
- Treatment
- freezing stresse1
- Outcome
- regrowthe1
- Direction
- largere1
- Value
- 35%e1
- Comparator
- A-TF0 × B399e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we compared the regrowth after a freezing stress of four different associations of two alfalfa populations differing in freezing tolerance (A-TF0 and A-TF7) inoculated with two Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti strains (B399 and NRG34) of contrasted adaptation to cold”
e1“Regrowth after exposure to a freezing stress was 35% larger in the A-TF7 × NRG34 than in the A-TF0 × B399 association”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation increased stachyose and raffinose concentrations in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Treatment
- cold acclimatione2
- Outcome
- concentrations of stachyose and raffinosee2
- Direction
- increasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Marked increases in concentrations of stachyose and raffinose, two sugars of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO), and in the expression level of a gene of the RFO synthetic pathway were observed in response to cold acclimation supporting the importance of a protective role for RFO in alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation increased expression of a gene of the RFO synthetic pathway in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Treatment
- cold acclimatione2
- Outcome
- expression level of a gene of the RFO synthetic pathwaye2
- Direction
- increasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Marked increases in concentrations of stachyose and raffinose, two sugars of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO), and in the expression level of a gene of the RFO synthetic pathway were observed in response to cold acclimation supporting the importance of a protective role for RFO in alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots, crowns and nodules of alfalfa changed profoundly, switching from a sink to a source of reserves during cold acclimation and deacclimation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Organ / stage
- nodulese3
- Outcome
- profound changese3
- Direction
- switching from a sinke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Marked increases in concentrations of stachyose and raffinose, two sugars of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO), and in the expression level of a gene of the RFO synthetic pathway were observed in response to cold acclimation supporting the importance of a protective role for RFO in alfalfa”
e3“The metabolomic study of roots, crowns and, more specifically, nodules, revealed profound changes in these organs, switching from a sink to support cold acclimation to a source of reserves enabling regrowth after deacclimation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both partners of the alfalfa-rhizobia association increased arginine concentration in nodules in response to cold acclimation and deacclimation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese4
- Treatment
- cold acclimation and deacclimatione4
- Outcome
- arginine concentration in nodulese4
- Direction
- increasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we compared the regrowth after a freezing stress of four different associations of two alfalfa populations differing in freezing tolerance (A-TF0 and A-TF7) inoculated with two Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti strains (B399 and NRG34) of contrasted adaptation to cold”
e4“Both cold-adapted partners of the symbiotic association contributed to increases in arginine concentration in nodules in response to cold acclimation and deacclimation”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.