Abstract
Soybean is a leguminous crop known for its efficient nitrogen utilization and ease of cultivation. However, its intercropping with maize may lead to severe reduction in its growth and yield due to shading effect of maize. This issue can be resolved by the appropriate application of essential plant nutrient such as molybdenum (Mo). Aim of this study was to assess the effect of Mo application on the morphological and physiological characteristics of soybean intercropped with maize. A two-year field experiment was conducted for this purpose, and Mo was applied in the form of sodium molybdate (Na 2 MoO 4 ), and four different levels were maintained i.e., 0, 60, 120 and 180 g ha -1 . Soybean exhibited varying responses to different levels of molybdenum (Mo) application. Notably, in both sole and intercropped cropping systems, the application of Mo at a rate of 120 g ha -1 demonstrated the highest level of promise compared to other application levels. However, most significant outcomes were pragmatic in soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment. Similarly, Mo @ 120 g ha -1 application resulted in highest total grain yield (626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1 ) during 2020 and 2021 respectively, which exceeded the grain yields of other Mo levels under intercropping. Moreover, under Mo application level (120 g ha -1 ), grain NPK and Mo contents during years 2020 and 2021 were found to be 1.15, 0.22, 0.83 and 68.94 mg kg -1 , and 1.27, 0.25, 0.90 and 72.18 mg kg −1 under intercropping system increased the value as compared to control treatment. Findings of current study highlighted the significance of Mo in enhancing soybean growth, yield, and nutrient uptake efficiency in maize-soybean intercropping systems.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised soybean leaf area index by 434 and 441% in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 434 and 441%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
- Setting
- soybean-maize intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised total biomass by 430 and 461%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- total plant biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 430 and 461%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
- Setting
- soybean-maize intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised transpiration by 15 and 18%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 15 and 18%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
- Setting
- soybean-maize intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised stomatal conductance by 9 and 11%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 9 and 11%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
- Setting
- soybean-maize intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised soybean yield by 15 and 20%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 15 and 20%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
- Setting
- soybean-maize intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 gave the highest grain yield, 626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1 in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- total grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- other Mo levelse0
- Setting
- intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mo @ 120 g ha -1 application resulted in highest total grain yield (626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1 ) during 2020 and 2021 respectively, which exceeded the grain yields of other Mo levels under intercropping”
t0“on soybean physiological characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo at 120 g ha -1 increased grain NPK and Mo contents versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mo application level (120 g ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- grain NPK and Mo contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.15, 0.22, 0.83 and 68.94 mg kg -1e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under Mo application level (120 g ha -1 ), grain NPK and Mo contents during years 2020 and 2021 were found to be 1.15, 0.22, 0.83 and 68.94 mg kg -1 , and 1.27, 0.25, 0.90 and 72.18 mg kg −1 under intercropping system increased the value as compared to control treatment”
t0“on soybean physiological characteristics”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.