Abstract
The use of chemical fertilization leads to high crop yields, but it adversely influences the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the soil. Therefore, organic farming is important in several countries worldwide, including developing countries. The present work aimed to study the effect of the integration of two organic sources, namely vermicompost and biofertilizers, as a substitution for chemical fertilizer, on the growth, yield, and quality of tomato (cv. Ellisa F1), grown in an organic farm. The present work was conducted at a private organic farm, Sharqia Governorate, in the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. This experiment included nine treatments, namely, 1. Chemical Fertilizer (Chem Fert) at 150: 60: 72 kg/feddan, 2. Vermicompost (Vermi) at 4 ton/feddan, 3. Vermicompost + Phosphate dissolving bacteria (Vermi + PSB), 4. Vermicompost + Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (Vermi + VAM), 5. Vermicompost + Azotobacter + Azospirillum (Vermi + Azoto), 6. Vermi + Azoto + Azos + PSB, 7. Vermi + Azoto + Azos +VAM., 8. Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos + PSB + VAM. The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn. They resulted in remarkable increase in yield traits (number of fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield/feddan), and improved all fruit chemical traits (total sugar, TSS, vitamin C and lycopene), except ß-carotene, as compared to the chemical fertilization.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + PSB + VAM significantly increased tomato height, branching and leaf area relative to chemical fertilization.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Vermi + PSB + VAMe0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased tomato height, branching and leaf area relative to chemical fertilization.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAMe0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + PSB + VAM significantly increased tomato leaf chlorophyll and mineral contents.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + PSB + VAMe0
- Outcome
- leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased tomato leaf chlorophyll and mineral contents.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAMe0
- Outcome
- leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM significantly increased plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and leaf contents of chlorophyll, N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + PSB + VAM increased tomato fruit number and yield relative to chemical fertilization.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + PSB + VAMe1
- Outcome
- number of fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield/feddane0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They resulted in remarkable increase in yield traits (number of fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield/feddan)”
t0“Tomato”
e1“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM”
e2“as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM increased tomato fruit number and yield relative to chemical fertilization.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAMe1
- Outcome
- number of fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield/feddane0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They resulted in remarkable increase in yield traits (number of fruits/plant, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield/feddan)”
t0“Tomato”
e1“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM”
e2“as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + PSB + VAM improved tomato fruit sugar, soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene, but not beta-carotene.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + PSB + VAMe1
- Outcome
- total sugar, TSS, vitamin C and lycopenee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- except ß-carotenee0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved all fruit chemical traits (total sugar, TSS, vitamin C and lycopene), except ß-carotene, as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM improved tomato fruit sugar, soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene, but not beta-carotene.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAMe1
- Outcome
- total sugar, TSS, vitamin C and lycopenee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- except ß-carotenee0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved all fruit chemical traits (total sugar, TSS, vitamin C and lycopene), except ß-carotene, as compared to the chemical fertilization.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“The treatments of Vermi + PSB + VAM and Vermi + Azoto+ Azos +PSB + VAM”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.