Abstract
Recently, the significance of the interplay between nitric oxide (NO) and melatonin (ML) in the defense responses of plants against abiotic stresses has gained considerable attention. However, the impact of this relationship on plant adaptation to aluminum (Al) contamination is yet to be determined. The current study investigated the relationship between the application of external ML (150 μM) and internal NO on the defense mechanisms of tomato plants during Al (148 μM) stress. Applying Al stress resulted in elevated levels of malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and Al concentration in the roots and leaves. These increases were accompanied by a decline in growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments. The addition of ML to the roots of tomatoes experiencing Al contamination resulted in enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, which protected the cell membranes and photosynthetic pigments against AL toxicity by lowering the internal level of ROS. ML treatment increased quantities of phytochelatins, glutathione, and NO in the leaves and roots of plants under Al contamination. This increase in thiol compounds and NO contributed to the reduction of Al translocation to the leaves by promoting the immobilization mechanism of Al in the roots. However, when ML-exposed plants were subjected to a NO scavenger, carboxy-PTIO, the protective impacts of ML were suppressed. This indicates the involvement of NO in the induced defense responses by ML. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ML facilitates the adaptation of tomato seedlings under Al stress by regulating internal NO.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress elevated malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and superoxide anion in tomato roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, superoxide anione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“Applying Al stress resulted in elevated levels of malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and Al concentration in the roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress elevated hydrogen peroxide and aluminum concentration in tomato roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide, and Al concentratione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“Applying Al stress resulted in elevated levels of malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and Al concentration in the roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress reduced tomato growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Al stresse1
- Outcome
- growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“These increases were accompanied by a decline in growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments”
e1“Applying Al stress resulted in elevated levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased antioxidant enzyme activity in aluminum-stressed tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- addition of MLe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“The addition of ML to the roots of tomatoes experiencing Al contamination resulted in enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin lowered internal ROS and protected tomato cell membranes and photosynthetic pigments from aluminum toxicity.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- cell membranes and photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Qualifier
- lowering the internal level of ROSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“which protected the cell membranes and photosynthetic pigments against AL toxicity by lowering the internal level of ROS”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased phytochelatins, glutathione, and nitric oxide in leaves and roots under aluminum contamination.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- ML treatmente0
- Outcome
- quantities of phytochelatins, glutathione, and NOe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“ML treatment increased quantities of phytochelatins, glutathione, and NO in the leaves and roots of plants under Al contamination”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased thiols and nitric oxide reduced aluminum translocation to leaves through immobilization in roots.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- thiol compounds and NOe0
- Outcome
- Al translocation to the leavese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- immobilization mechanism of Al in the rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“This increase in thiol compounds and NO contributed to the reduction of Al translocation to the leaves by promoting the immobilization mechanism of Al in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitric oxide scavenger carboxy-PTIO suppressed melatonin protection in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NO scavenger, carboxy-PTIOe0
- Outcome
- protective impacts of MLe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- ML-exposed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“when ML-exposed plants were subjected to a NO scavenger, carboxy-PTIO, the protective impacts of ML were suppressed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that melatonin facilitates tomato adaptation to aluminum stress by regulating internal nitric oxide.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- MLe0
- Compound
- internal NOe0
- Outcome
- adaptation of tomato seedlings under Al stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e0“ML facilitates the adaptation of tomato seedlings under Al stress by regulating internal NO”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.