Abstract
), which primarily affects the roots. To mitigate the harmful effects of Al toxicity, plants use organic acids to chelate Al internally and externally. In this study, the effects of exogenous organic acids on Al toxicity in rice, mung bean, and buckwheat were investigated. Specifically, the study examined the ameliorative effect of three organic acids (oxalic acid, malic acid, and citric acid, each at a concentration of (100 μmol/L) on root elongation, fresh weight, Al content, organic acid key enzymes, and rhizosphere pH in hydroponic media containing (100 μmol/L) Al. The experimental results revealed species-specific responses to aluminum tolerance and the alleviating effects of different organic acids. Buckwheat was found to be the most aluminum-tolerant, followed by mung bean, while rice was the least tolerant. Exogenous application of oxalic acid promoted root elongation, increased root fresh weight, and enhanced the activity of the PEPC enzyme in mung bean. Malic acid, on the other hand, alleviated Al toxicity in rice by promoting root elongation, increasing root fresh weight, enhancing the activity of the PEPC enzyme, and decreasing the activity of the MDH enzyme. In buckwheat, citric acid application reduced Al toxicity by promoting root elongation, increasing root weight, and decreasing the activities of CS and GO enzymes. These findings indicate that different organic acids can reduce Al toxicity in different plant species by employing different physiological mechanisms.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Buckwheat was the most aluminum-tolerant of the three species.
Verbatim
e0“Buckwheat was found to be the most aluminum-tolerant, followed by mung bean, while rice was the least tolerant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mung bean was less aluminum-tolerant than buckwheat but more tolerant than rice.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Outcome
- aluminum-tolerante0
- Qualifier
- followed by mung beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Buckwheat was found to be the most aluminum-tolerant, followed by mung bean, while rice was the least tolerant”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice was the least aluminum-tolerant of the three species.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- the least tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buckwheat was found to be the most aluminum-tolerant, followed by mung bean, while rice was the least tolerant”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid application promoted root elongation and increased root fresh weight in mung bean under Al toxicity.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of oxalic acide0
- Outcome
- root elongation, increased root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of oxalic acid promoted root elongation, increased root fresh weight, and enhanced the activity of the PEPC enzyme in mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid application enhanced PEPC enzyme activity in mung bean under Al toxicity.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of oxalic acide0
- Outcome
- activity of the PEPC enzymee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of oxalic acid promoted root elongation, increased root fresh weight, and enhanced the activity of the PEPC enzyme in mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid alleviated Al toxicity in rice by promoting root elongation and increasing root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Malic acide0
- Outcome
- root elongation, increasing root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malic acid, on the other hand, alleviated Al toxicity in rice by promoting root elongation, increasing root fresh weight, enhancing the activity of the PEPC enzyme, and decreasing the activity of the MDH enzyme”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid enhanced PEPC enzyme activity in rice under Al toxicity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Malic acide0
- Outcome
- the activity of the PEPC enzymee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malic acid, on the other hand, alleviated Al toxicity in rice by promoting root elongation, increasing root fresh weight, enhancing the activity of the PEPC enzyme, and decreasing the activity of the MDH enzyme”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid decreased MDH enzyme activity in rice under Al toxicity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Malic acide0
- Outcome
- the activity of the MDH enzymee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malic acid, on the other hand, alleviated Al toxicity in rice by promoting root elongation, increasing root fresh weight, enhancing the activity of the PEPC enzyme, and decreasing the activity of the MDH enzyme”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid application reduced Al toxicity in buckwheat by promoting root elongation and increasing root weight.
- Taxon
- buckwheate0
- Treatment
- citric acid applicatione0
- Outcome
- root elongation, increasing root weighte0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In buckwheat, citric acid application reduced Al toxicity by promoting root elongation, increasing root weight, and decreasing the activities of CS and GO enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid application decreased the activities of CS and GO enzymes in buckwheat under Al toxicity.
- Taxon
- buckwheate0
- Treatment
- citric acid applicatione0
- Outcome
- activities of CS and GO enzymese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In buckwheat, citric acid application reduced Al toxicity by promoting root elongation, increasing root weight, and decreasing the activities of CS and GO enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that different organic acids reduce Al toxicity in different plant species through different physiological mechanisms.
Verbatim
e0“different organic acids can reduce Al toxicity in different plant species by employing different physiological mechanisms”
The same questions in other papers
malic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →citric acid · growth · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.