Abstract
Germination is a simple process that improves the nutritional and medicinal values of seeds such as chickpeas. However, the detailed analysis of the phytochemical profile after chemical elicitation during chickpea germination is indispensable when making inferences about its biological properties. Therefore, an evaluation was made of the effect of the chemical inducers salicylic acid (SA, 1 and 2 mM), chitosan (CH, 3.3 and 7 μM), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 20 and 30 mM) during germination at 25 °C with 70% RH for 4 days on the content of antinutritional and bioactive compounds, including phenolics, sterols, and saponins, in three Mexican chickpea varieties (Blanoro, Patron, and San Antonio) using UPLC-ELSD-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS, UPLC-DAD-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS, and HPLC-DAD-sQ-MS. The highest increase in phenolics and saponins was found in the Blanoro sprouts induced with SA 2 mM, whereas the highest phytosterol content was detected in San Antonio sprouts induced with CH 7 μM. In addition, significant increases in mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and decreases in antinutritional contents were achieved after germination with most of the elicitation conditions. More importantly, we identified new compounds in chickpea sprouts, such as the lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, the phenolic compounds epicatechin gallate and methyl gallate, some phytosterols, and the saponin phaseoside 1, which further increased after chemical elicitation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid at 2 mM gave the greatest increase in phenolics and saponins in Blanoro sprouts.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Material
- Blanoroe0
- Treatment
- SA 2 mMe0
- Outcome
- phenolics and saponinse0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest increase in phenolics and saponins was found in the Blanoro sprouts induced with SA 2 mM”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan at 7 μM gave the highest phytosterol content in San Antonio sprouts.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- San Antonioe0
- Treatment
- CH 7 μMe0
- Outcome
- phytosterol contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest phytosterol content was detected in San Antonio sprouts induced with CH 7 μM”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Most elicited germination conditions significantly increased mono-, di- and oligosaccharides.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- most of the elicitation conditionse0
- Outcome
- mono-, di-, and oligosaccharidese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and decreases in antinutritional contents were achieved after germination with most of the elicitation conditions”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Most elicited germination conditions decreased antinutritional contents.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- most of the elicitation conditionse0
- Outcome
- antinutritional contentse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and decreases in antinutritional contents were achieved after germination with most of the elicitation conditions”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol were newly identified in chickpea sprouts.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Organ / stage
- sproutse0
- Outcome
- lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified new compounds in chickpea sprouts, such as the lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol”
Claim · model-written summary
Epicatechin gallate and methyl gallate were newly identified in chickpea sprouts.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- phenolic compounds epicatechin gallate and methyl gallatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phenolic compounds epicatechin gallate and methyl gallate”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Some phytosterols were newly identified in chickpea sprouts.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- some phytosterolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some phytosterols, and the saponin phaseoside 1”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phaseoside 1 was newly identified in chickpea sprouts.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- saponin phaseoside 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the saponin phaseoside 1”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The newly identified compounds increased further after chemical elicitation.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- chemical elicitatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which further increased after chemical elicitation”
t0“Chickpea”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · quality: phytochemicals · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.