Abstract
To overcome food security, sustainable strategies for reclamation and the subsequent utilization of salt-affected soils for crop production are needed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impacts of compost and biochar addition on the growth and fruit quality of tomato under salinity stress. For this purpose, the soil was spiked with analytical grade sodium chloride to achieve a 6 dS m−1 salinity level for a pot experiment. After 30 days of spiking, the compost (2%) and biochar (2%) were added in selected pots. After the seedling transplant, recommended doses of NPK were added to fulfill nutrient requirements of tomato plants. Plants were harvested after 90 days of seedling transplantation. Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants. Similarly, a significant decrease of 26.9–44.1% was obtained in growth attributes of tomato as compared to the non-saline control. However, in saline soil, the addition of biochar and compost (alone or together) demonstrated a significant improvement in plant growth (i.e., up 45%) over the respective un-amended control. Moreover, the combined application of compost and biochar significantly reduced the sodium (Na+) in shoots and roots of tomato plants by 40% and 47%, respectively, over the respective control. Our findings suggest that the combined application of biochar and compost could be useful to reduce salinity, alleviate salinity-induced phytotoxicity, and subsequently improve plant growth and productivity in salt-affected soil.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced the SPAD value of tomato by 28.4% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 28.4%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Ft of tomato by 23.5% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Fte1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 23.5%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced MSI of tomato by 22.6% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- MSIe1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 22.6%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced RWC of tomato by 12.1% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- RWCe1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 12.1%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll a of tomato by 18.3% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Chl. ae1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 18.3%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll b of tomato by 13.7% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Chl. be1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 13.7%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced total chlorophyll of tomato by 16.5% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- T. Chl.e1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 16.5%e1
- Comparator
- un-amended non-saline controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that the salinity caused a significant reduction of 28.4% in SPAD value, 23.5% in Ft, 22.6% in MSI, 12.1% in RWC, 18.3% in Chl. a, 13.7% in Chl. b, and 16.5% in T. Chl. as compared to the un-amended non-saline control in physiological attributes of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced growth attributes of tomato by 26.9–44.1% relative to the non-saline control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- growth attributese2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 26.9–44.1%e2
- Comparator
- non-saline controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impacts of compost and biochar addition on the growth and fruit quality of tomato under salinity stress”
e2“Similarly, a significant decrease of 26.9–44.1% was obtained in growth attributes of tomato as compared to the non-saline control”
Claim · model-written summary
In saline soil, biochar and compost, alone or together, significantly improved tomato plant growth by up to 45% over the un-amended control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- addition of biochar and composte3
- Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Direction
- improvemente3
- Value
- up 45%e3
- Comparator
- un-amended controle3
- Setting
- saline soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impacts of compost and biochar addition on the growth and fruit quality of tomato under salinity stress”
e3“However, in saline soil, the addition of biochar and compost (alone or together) demonstrated a significant improvement in plant growth (i.e., up 45%) over the respective un-amended control”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of compost and biochar reduced sodium in tomato shoots by 40% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- shootse4
- Treatment
- combined application of compost and biochare4
- Outcome
- sodium (Na+)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 40%e4
- Comparator
- respective controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Moreover, the combined application of compost and biochar significantly reduced the sodium (Na+) in shoots and roots of tomato plants by 40% and 47%, respectively, over the respective control”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of compost and biochar reduced sodium in tomato roots by 47% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- combined application of compost and biochare4
- Outcome
- sodium (Na+)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 47%e4
- Comparator
- respective controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Moreover, the combined application of compost and biochar significantly reduced the sodium (Na+) in shoots and roots of tomato plants by 40% and 47%, respectively, over the respective control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and compost could be useful to reduce salinity-induced phytotoxicity in salt-affected soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- salinity-induced phytotoxicitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impacts of compost and biochar addition on the growth and fruit quality of tomato under salinity stress”
e5“the combined application of biochar and compost could be useful to reduce salinity, alleviate salinity-induced phytotoxicity, and subsequently improve plant growth and productivity in salt-affected soil”
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