Abstract
Sweet basil is a popular culinary herb used in many cuisines around the world and is widely grown commercially for retail as a live potted plant. However, basil is easily damaged by temperatures below 12 °C meaning plants must be transported from the grower to the retailer in a warm transport chain, adding considerable commercial cost in temperate countries. Improvement of chilling tolerance has been demonstrated in post-harvest crops such as tomato fruits and, indeed, fresh cut basil, by manipulation of the red:far red ratio of light provided to plants throughout the photoperiod and for a significant duration of the growing process in controlled environment chambers. We tested the effectiveness of periodic short-duration end-of-production supplementary far red light treatments designed for use with basil plants grown in a large scale commercial glasshouse for the live potted basil market. Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Antioxidant levels were also maintained at higher levels in live potted basil following this cold treatment. RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants. Our findings offer an efficient, non-invasive approach to induce chilling tolerance in potted basil which is suitable for application in a large-scale commercial glasshouse.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Four days of midday far red light increased tolerance to a 24 h, 4 °C cold treatment.
- Taxon
- sweet basil
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Treatment
- Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red lighte0
- Outcome
- tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatmente0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- at end of productione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary far red light reduced visual damage after chilling.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary far red lighte0
- Outcome
- visual damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 24 h of 4 °C cold treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary far red light reduced electrolyte leakage after chilling.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary far red lighte0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 24 h of 4 °C cold treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary far red light reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation after chilling.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary far red lighte0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 24 h of 4 °C cold treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant levels remained higher after chilling in potted basil.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- this cold treatmente0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant levelse0
- Direction
- higher levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant levels were also maintained at higher levels in live potted basil following this cold treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAseq analysis associated the response with conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- associated with this responsee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAseq analysis associated the response with biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- associated with this responsee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAseq analysis associated the response with gibberellin signaling.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- gibberellin signalinge0
- Direction
- inactivatione0
- Qualifier
- associated with this responsee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAseq analysis associated the response with expression of fatty acid desaturases.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- expression of fatty acid desaturasese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- associated with this responsee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants.”
t0“sweet basil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify short far red supplementation as suitable for commercial glasshouse induction of chilling tolerance.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- approach to induce chilling tolerancee0
- Setting
- large-scale commercial glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings offer an efficient, non-invasive approach to induce chilling tolerance in potted basil which is suitable for application in a large-scale commercial glasshouse.”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: oxidative · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
light · disease · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
cold · molecular: metabolites · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.