Abstract
Abstract One of the most important problems for rice production is the high water need of this plant. Therefore, the use of modern technologies to increase water-saving in paddy fields is critical to global food security. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different planting methods and irrigation systems on growth, yield and water productivity in rice. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments included the main plot assigned to three planting methods (transplanting at puddled bed [TPB], transplanting at non-puddled bed [TNPB], and direct-seeded rice [DSR]) and the sub-plot assigned to three irrigation systems (continuous flooding irrigation (CFI), alternate wetting and drying [AWD], and drip irrigation [DI]). The results showed that the highest grain yield (3962.7 kg.ha−1) and more-water-saving (17.3%) was achieved in the TPB treatment. Total water productivity for TPB, TNPB, and DSR methods were calculated to be 0.56, 0.43, and 0.34 kg.m−3, respectively. Grain yield in CFI (3457.6 kg.ha−1) and AWD (3410.3 kg.ha−1) systems was significantly higher than DI treatment (3150.7 kg.ha−1), while no significant difference was observed between CFI and AWD treatments in terms of rice production. However, the AWD system increased water-saving by 24.8% compared with CFI. Our results highlight that combined application of AWD system and TPB method has a great potential to reduce total water input without negatively affecting yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
TPB achieved the highest grain yield of 3962.7 kg.ha−1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- TPB treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3962.7 kg.ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest grain yield (3962.7 kg.ha−1) and more-water-saving (17.3%) was achieved in the TPB treatment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
TPB achieved 17.3% more water saving.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPB treatmente0
- Outcome
- more-water-savinge0
- Direction
- more-water-savinge0
- Value
- 17.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest grain yield (3962.7 kg.ha−1) and more-water-saving (17.3%) was achieved in the TPB treatment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
TPB total water productivity was 0.56 kg.m−3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPBe0
- Outcome
- Total water productivitye0
- Value
- 0.56e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total water productivity for TPB, TNPB, and DSR methods were calculated to be 0.56, 0.43, and 0.34 kg.m−3, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
TNPB total water productivity was 0.43 kg.m−3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TNPBe0
- Outcome
- Total water productivitye0
- Value
- 0.43e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total water productivity for TPB, TNPB, and DSR methods were calculated to be 0.56, 0.43, and 0.34 kg.m−3, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DSR total water productivity was 0.34 kg.m−3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSRe0
- Outcome
- Total water productivitye0
- Value
- 0.34 kg.m−3e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total water productivity for TPB, TNPB, and DSR methods were calculated to be 0.56, 0.43, and 0.34 kg.m−3, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CFI grain yield of 3457.6 kg.ha−1 significantly exceeded DI yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CFIe0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3457.6 kg.ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 3150.7 kg.ha−1e0
- Comparator
- DI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield in CFI (3457.6 kg.ha−1) and AWD (3410.3 kg.ha−1) systems was significantly higher than DI treatment (3150.7 kg.ha−1)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD grain yield of 3410.3 kg.ha−1 significantly exceeded DI yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3410.3 kg.ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 3150.7 kg.ha−1e0
- Comparator
- DI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield in CFI (3457.6 kg.ha−1) and AWD (3410.3 kg.ha−1) systems was significantly higher than DI treatment (3150.7 kg.ha−1)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CFI and AWD did not differ significantly in rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CFIe0
- Outcome
- rice productione0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- AWD treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference was observed between CFI and AWD treatments in terms of rice production.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD increased water saving by 24.8% compared with CFI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD systeme0
- Outcome
- water-savinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.8%e0
- Comparator
- CFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AWD system increased water-saving by 24.8% compared with CFI.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AWD combined with TPB can reduce total water input without harming yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of AWD system and TPB methode0
- Outcome
- reduce total water input without negatively affecting yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of AWD system and TPB method has a great potential to reduce total water input without negatively affecting yield.”
t0“rice”
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flooding · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
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See all 286 papers →irrigation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 201 in the opposite direction · 64 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
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See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.