Abstract
Though mining promotes global industrialization and economy, it disrupts natural ecosystem that calls for sustainable reclamation. A field study was conducted at Base titanium limited - Kwale County to investigate the potential of mined soils to support growth and yield of green grams when subjected to organic and inorganic fertilizers. A two factor experiment was laid down in RCBD with split plot arrangement and three replications. Green gram varieties (KS20 and N26) and amendments (organic and inorganic fertilizers) were tested. Obtained data that included: soil properties, plant height, leaf development, pods and grains per plant, root nodules, biomass, and grain yield was subjected to ANOVA using the Genstat statistical package and means ranked using Fisher's protected least significant difference at (P≤0.05). Results showed that combined manure and fertilizer significantly improved plant plant height by 36% and 36.4% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one and, 23% and 23% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils. Similarly, leaf development was increased by 54.9% and 52.2% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one and, 46.1% and 37% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils. Sole manure and sole fertilizer did not have significant effect on plant height and leaf development. Combined application of manure and fertilizer did not have significant influence on green gram nodulation, shoot and root dry matter accumulation, number of seeds per pod and pods per plant. It however increased N26 variety grain yield in the second season alone. Additionally, grains harvested from the post mined soils had adequate levels of phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, magnesium, potassium, and low levels of calcium and copper. Although the findings show that this post mined soils have the capacity to support green gram growth, further research to ascertain long term effects of green gram establishment on profile development, biological nitrogen fixation, enterprise return to capital and crops response after application of all limiting nutrients is recommended.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined manure and fertilizer increased KS20 plant height by 36% in season one.
- Material
- KS20e0
- Treatment
- combined manure and fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 36%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“combined manure and fertilizer significantly improved plant plant height by 36% and 36.4% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined manure and fertilizer increased N26 plant height by 36.4% in season one.
- Material
- N26e0
- Treatment
- combined manure and fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 36.4%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“combined manure and fertilizer significantly improved plant plant height by 36% and 36.4% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendment increased height by 23% for each variety in season two.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“23% and 23% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf development increased by 54.9% in KS20 in season one.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“leaf development was increased by 54.9% and 52.2% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf development increased by 52.2% in N26 in season one.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“leaf development was increased by 54.9% and 52.2% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf development increased by 46.1% in KS20 in season two.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“46.1% and 37% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf development increased by 37% in N26 in season two.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“46.1% and 37% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole manure had no significant effect on height and leaf development.
- Treatment
- Sole manuree0
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf developmente0
- Direction
- did not have significant effecte0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“Sole manure and sole fertilizer did not have significant effect on plant height and leaf development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole fertilizer had no significant effect on height and leaf development.
- Treatment
- sole fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf developmente0
- Direction
- did not have significant effecte0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“Sole manure and sole fertilizer did not have significant effect on plant height and leaf development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendment had no significant influence on nodulation, dry matter, seeds per pod or pods per plant.
- Taxon
- green gram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatae0 - Treatment
- Combined application of manure and fertilizere0
- Outcome
- green gram nodulation, shoot and root dry matter accumulation, number of seeds per pod and pods per plante0
- Direction
- did not have significant influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of manure and fertilizer did not have significant influence on green gram nodulation, shoot and root dry matter accumulation, number of seeds per pod and pods per plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendment increased N26 grain yield only in season two.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“It however increased N26 variety grain yield in the second season alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvested grains had adequate phosphorus, iron and zinc.
- Outcome
- adequate levels of phosphorus, Iron, Zince0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“grains harvested from the post mined soils had adequate levels of phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, magnesium, potassium, and low levels of calcium and copper”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvested grains had adequate magnesium and potassium.
- Outcome
- magnesium, potassiume0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“grains harvested from the post mined soils had adequate levels of phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, magnesium, potassium, and low levels of calcium and copper”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvested grains had low calcium and copper.
- Outcome
- low levels of calcium and coppere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Green Grams”
e0“low levels of calcium and copper”
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