Abstract
Abstract Multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) kochia is a serious concern in the U.S. Great Plains and warrants alternative herbicide mixtures for its control. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at Kansas State University research and extension centers near Hays and Garden City, KS, to investigate the interactions of 2,4-D, dichlorprop-p, dicamba, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix in various combinations for MHR kochia control. Two previously confirmed MHR (resistant to glyphosate, dicamba, and fluroxypyr) populations and a susceptible population were tested in a greenhouse study. Kochia at the Hays field site was resistant to glyphosate and chlorsulfuron, whereas the population at Garden City was resistant to glyphosate, dicamba, and fluroxypyr. Results from a greenhouse study indicated that 2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, and a halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix provided 26% to 69% control of both MHR populations at 28 d after treatment (DAT). However, the control increased to 85% to 97% when these herbicides were applied in three-way mixtures. Synergistic interactions were observed when dicamba was mixed with dichlorprop-p, 2,4-D, dichlorprop-p + 2,4-D, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr + 2,4-D for shoot dry weight reductions (86% to 92%) of both MHR populations. Results from a field study also indicated synergistic interactions when dicamba was mixed with dichlorprop-p + 2,4-D, halauxifen/fluroxypyr + dichlorprop-p, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr + 2,4-D, resulting in 84% to 95% control of MHR kochia at 28 DAT across both sites. These results indicate that synergistic effects of mixing dicamba with other auxinic herbicides in two- or three-way mixtures can help control MHR kochia.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D controlled MHR kochia 26% to 69% in a greenhouse.
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- control of both MHR populationse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 26% to 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 d after treatment (DAT)e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
BassiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from a greenhouse study indicated that 2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, and a halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix provided 26% to 69% control of both MHR populations at 28 d after treatment (DAT).”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
dicamba controlled MHR kochia 26% to 69% in a greenhouse.
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- control of both MHR populationse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 26% to 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 d after treatment (DAT)e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from a greenhouse study indicated that 2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, and a halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix provided 26% to 69% control of both MHR populations at 28 d after treatment (DAT).”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
dichlorprop-p controlled MHR kochia 26% to 69% in a greenhouse.
- Treatment
- dichlorprop-pe0
- Outcome
- control of both MHR populationse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 26% to 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 d after treatment (DAT)e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from a greenhouse study indicated that 2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, and a halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix provided 26% to 69% control of both MHR populations at 28 d after treatment (DAT).”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix controlled MHR kochia 26% to 69% in a greenhouse.
- Treatment
- halauxifen/fluroxypyr premixe0
- Outcome
- control of both MHR populationse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 26% to 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 d after treatment (DAT)e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from a greenhouse study indicated that 2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop-p, and a halauxifen/fluroxypyr premix provided 26% to 69% control of both MHR populations at 28 d after treatment (DAT).”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-way mixtures increased control to 85% to 97%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the control increased to 85% to 97% when these herbicides were applied in three-way mixtures.”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba mixtures had synergistic shoot dry weight reduction of 86% to 92%.
- Treatment
- dicamba was mixed with dichlorprop-p, 2,4-D, dichlorprop-p + 2,4-D, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr + 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 86% to 92%e0
- Qualifier
- Synergistic interactionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic interactions were observed when dicamba was mixed with dichlorprop-p, 2,4-D, dichlorprop-p + 2,4-D, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr + 2,4-D for shoot dry weight reductions (86% to 92%) of both MHR populations.”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field mixtures showed synergistic kochia control of 84% to 95%.
- Treatment
- dicamba was mixed with dichlorprop-p + 2,4-D, halauxifen/fluroxypyr + dichlorprop-p, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr + 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- control of MHR kochiae0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 84% to 95%e0
- Qualifier
- 28 DAT across both sitese0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from a field study also indicated synergistic interactions when dicamba was mixed with dichlorprop-p + 2,4-D, halauxifen/fluroxypyr + dichlorprop-p, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr + 2,4-D, resulting in 84% to 95% control of MHR kochia at 28 DAT across both sites.”
t0“kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)”
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dicamba · pest · BassiaResults agree
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fluroxypyr · control · BassiaResults agree
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.