Abstract
Aim: Postemergence timing trials based on weed size were conducted near Lubbock, TX to assess the effectiveness of 2,4-D choline + glyphosate on control of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L.), and kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) at three growth stages (3 to 5 cm, 10 to 15 cm, and 20 to 30 cm). Study Design: All trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Place and Duration of Study: Field experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014, and 2015 in Lubbock, TX at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center near Lubbock, TX. Methodology: Herbicide treatments consisted of a single postemergence application of 2,4-D choline + glyphosate at two rates, 2,4-D choline + glyphosate at two rates + glufosinate, 2,4-D choline + glyphosate + S-metolachlor, 2,4-D choline + glyphosate + acetochlor, 2,4-D choline + glufosinate, glyphosate, or glufosinate. Results: The greatest level of weed control for all three weed species was achieved at the 3 to 5 cm timing; however, weed size was most critical for Palmer amaranth and Russian-thistle compared to kochia. Averaged over all three years, Palmer amaranth control decreased from 93 to 74% when evaluated 21 days after treatment following applications that included 2,4-D choline when applied to plants 3 to 5 and 10 to 30 cm, respectively. For Russian-thistle, control decreased from 98 to 78% when evaluated 21 days after treatment following treatments that included 2,4-D choline when applied to plants 3 to 5 and 10 to 30 cm, respectively. For kochia, control decreased from 98 to 84% when evaluated 21 days after treatment following treatments that included 2,4-D choline when applied to plant 3 to 5 and 10 to 30 cm, respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth control was greatest at the 3 to 5 cm timing.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The greatest level of weed control for all three weed species was achieved at the 3 to 5 cm timing”
e1“Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Russian-thistle control was greatest at the 3 to 5 cm timing.
- Taxon
- Russian-thistle
Salsola traguse1 - Treatment
- 3 to 5 cm timinge0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest level of weed control for all three weed species was achieved at the 3 to 5 cm timing”
e1“Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kochia control was greatest at the 3 to 5 cm timing.
BassiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest level of weed control for all three weed species was achieved at the 3 to 5 cm timing”
e1“kochia (Kochia scoparia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed size mattered more for Palmer amaranth control than for kochia control.
Verbatim
e0“weed size was most critical for Palmer amaranth and Russian-thistle compared to kochia”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed size mattered more for Russian-thistle control than for kochia control.
- Taxon
- Russian-thistleSalsola traguse0
- Outcome
- weed size was most criticale0
- Direction
- most criticale0
- Comparator
- kochiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed size was most critical for Palmer amaranth and Russian-thistle compared to kochia”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth control with treatments including 2,4-D choline fell from 93 to 74% at 21 days when application size increased from 3 to 5 to 10 to 30 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth control decreased from 93 to 74% when evaluated 21 days after treatment following applications that included 2,4-D choline when applied to plants 3 to 5 and 10 to 30 cm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Russian-thistle control with treatments including 2,4-D choline fell from 98 to 78% at 21 days when application size increased from 3 to 5 to 10 to 30 cm.
- Taxon
- Russian-thistleSalsola traguse0
- Treatment
- treatments that included 2,4-D cholinee0
- Outcome
- Russian-thistle, controle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 98 to 78%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- 3 to 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Russian-thistle, control decreased from 98 to 78% when evaluated 21 days after treatment following treatments that included 2,4-D choline when applied to plants 3 to 5 and 10 to 30 cm, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kochia control with treatments including 2,4-D choline fell from 98 to 84% at 21 days when application size increased from 3 to 5 to 10 to 30 cm.
- Treatment
- treatments that included 2,4-D cholinee0
- Outcome
- kochia, controle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 98 to 84%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- 3 to 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For kochia, control decreased from 98 to 84% when evaluated 21 days after treatment following treatments that included 2,4-D choline when applied to plant 3 to 5 and 10 to 30 cm, respectively.”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · control · BassiaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.